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Economics 7
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| many buyers and sellers, identical products, informed buyers/sellers, entry/exit | 4 ways for perfect competition |
| commodity | product that is the same no matter who produces it |
| milk | example of a commodity |
| imperfect competition | market structure that does not meet the conditions of perfect competition |
| start-up costs | expenses a firm must pay before it can begin to produce and sell goods |
| start-up costs | example of barriers to entry |
| monopoly | market dominated by a single seller |
| patent | license that gives the inventor of a new product the exclusive right to sell it for a certain period of time |
| franchise | the right to sell a good/service within an exclusive market |
| fast food chains | example of franchise |
| license | government issued right to operate a business |
| natural monopoly | market that runs most efficiently when one large firm supplies all of the output |
| water, gas, electricity | example of natural monopoly |
| monopolistic competition | market structure in which many companies sell products that are similar but not identical |
| gas stations, retail stores, jeans | example of monopolistic competition |
| many firms, few artificial barriers, slight control over price, differentiated products | four conditions for monopolistic competition |
| differentiation | making a product different from other similar products |
| nonprice competition | a way to attract customers through style, service, or location |
| physical characteristics, location, service level, advertising | 4 forms of nonprice competition |
| oligopoly | market structure in which a few large firms dominate a market |
| 70-80% | considered an oligopoly when 4 largest firms produced what percent of output |
| Sherman Antitrust Act | outlawed mergers and monopolies that limit trade between states |
| standard oil and AT&T | example of monopolies |
| merger | combination of two or more companies into a single firm |