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Chapter 11 History
AP Government and Politics Chapter 11 Vocab- Congress
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Bicameral Legislature | Governmental body made up of two chambers or parts |
| fillibuster | an attempt to defeat a bill in the senate by talking indefinitely, thus preventing the Senate from taking action on the bill |
| marginal districts | political districts in which candidates elected to the house win in close elections |
| safe districts | districts in which incumbents win by margins of 55% or more |
| conservative coalition | an alliance of Republicans and conservative Democrats |
| majority leader | legislative leader elected by party members holding the majority of the seats in the House or the Senate |
| minority leader | legislative leader elected by party members holding the minority of the seats in the House or the Senate |
| Whip | a Senator or Representative who helps the party leader stay informed about what party members are thinking, round up members when votes need to be taken, take house count |
| party polarization | a vote in which a majority of Democratic legislators oppose a majority of Republican legislators |
| caucus | an association of members of Congress created to advocate a political ideology or a regional, ethnic, or economic interest |
| standing committees | permanently established legislative committees that consider and are responsible for legislation within a certain subject area |
| select committees | congressional committees appointed for a limited time and purpose |
| joint committees | committees on which both Representatives and Senators serve |
| conference commmittees | made up of Representatives and Senators appointed to resolve differences in the Senate and House versions of the same piece of legislation before final passage |
| public bill | legislative bill that deals with matters of general concern involves defense expedentures |
| private bill | legislative bill that deals with only specific, private, personal, or local matters |
| simple resolution | an expression of opinion either in the House or Senate to settle housekeeping or procedural matters in either body |
| concurrent resolution | an expression of Congress and opinion without the force of law that requires the approval of both the House and Senate but not of the president |
| joint resolution | a formal expression of Congress and opinion that must be approved by both Houses of Congress and by the president |
| multiple referral | a congressional process whereby a bill may be referred to several committees that consider it simultaneously in whole or in part |
| sequential referral | congressional process by which a speaker may send a bill to a second committee after the first is finished acting, or may refer parts of a bill to separate committees |
| discharge petition | a device by which any member of the House, after a committee has had a bill for 30 days, may petition to have it brought to the floor. If a majority of the members agree, the bill is discharged from the committee. |
| closed rule | an order from the House rules committee that sets a time limit on update and forbids a particular bill from being amended on the legislative floor |
| open rule | an order from the House Rules committee that permits a bill to be amended on the legislative floor |
| restrictive rule | an order from the house rules committee that permits certain kinds of amendments but not others to be made into a bill on the legislative floor |
| rider | amendment on a matter unrelated to a bill that is added to the bill so that it will "ride" to passage through the Congress |
| Christmas tree Bill | a bill that has lots of riders |
| quorum | the minimum number of members who must be present for business to be conducted in Congress |
| quorum call | a calling of the roll in either house of Congress to see whether the Representatives in attendance meets the minimum number required to conduct business |
| cloture rule | a rule by the Senate to limit debate |
| double tracking | a procedure to keep the Senate going duringa filibuster in which the disputed bill is shelled temporarily so that Senate can get on with their business |
| voice vote | a congressional voting procedure in which members shout "yea" in approval or "nay" in disapproval |
| division vote | a congressional voting procedure in which members stand are are counted |
| teller vote | a congressional voting procedure in which members pass between two tellers, the "yeas" first then the "nays" |
| roll-call vote | a congressional voting procedure that consists of members answering "yea" or "nay" to their names |
| park barrel legislation | legislation that gives tangible benefit to constituents in several districts or states, in the hope of winning their votes in return |
| franking priviliege | the ability of members of Congress to mail letters to their constituents free of charge by substituting their facsimile signature (frank) for postage |
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