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Stack #17469
Chapter 26 Renal Physiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| urinary system | 3 major functions: excretion, elimination,homeostatic regulation of the volume and solute concentration of blood plasma |
| kidneys | organs that produce urine |
| urine | fluid containing water, ions, and small soluable compounds |
| urinary tract | paired tubes at which urine leaves the kidneys via this |
| ureters | paired tubes |
| urethra | conducts urine to the exterior |
| urination/micturition | elimination of urine |
| renal capsule | layer of collagen fibers that covers the outer surface of the entire organ |
| adipose capsule | thick layer of adipose tissue that surrounds the renal capsule |
| renal fascia | dense fibrous outer layer |
| hilus | prominant medial indention is the the point of entry for the renal artery and renal nerves and is the exit point of exit for the renal vein and the ureter |
| renal sinus | an internal cavity within the kidney. |
| cortex | superficial portion of the kidneys |
| medulla | 6-18 distinct conical or triangular structures called renal pyramids |
| renal papilla | projects into the renal sinus |
| renal columns | bands of cortical tissue that extends into the medulla |
| renal lobe | renal pyramid, the overlying area of the renal cortex, and adjacent tissues of the renal columns |
| minor calyx | ducts within each renal papilla discharge urine into this cup shaped drain |
| nephrons | where urine production begins at a microscopic , tubular structures |
| renal artery | kidneys receive blood |
| segmental arteries | divide into interlobar arteries |
| arcuate arteries | arch along the boundary between the cortex and medulla of the kidney |
| renal tubule | long tubular passageway 50mm in length |
| renal corpuscle | spherical structure that contains bowman's capsule |
| Bowmans capsule | a cup shaped chamber @ 200 microm |
| glomerulus | consists of 50 intertwining capillaries |
| filtrate | protein free solution |
| tubular fluid | when the filtrate changes in composition |
| collecting systems | each nephron empties; series of tubes that carry tubular fluid away from the nephron |
| cortical nephrons | 85% of all nephrons; located at the superficial cortex of the kidney |
| juxtamedullary | 15% of nephrons |
| proximal convoluted tubule | 1st segment of the renal tubule; absorbtion |
| peritubular fluid | interstitial fluid surrounding the renal tubule |
| loop of henle | can be divided into descending limb; ascending limb; nephron loop |
| distal convoluted tubule | 3rd segment of the renal corpuscle |
| macula densa | epithelial cells of the DCT |
| juxtaglomerular apparatus | endocrine structure that secrets the hormone erythropoietin and the enzyme renin |
| filtration | blood pressure forces water and solutes across the wall of the glomerular capillaries |
| reabsorption | removal of water and solutes from the filtrate |
| secretion | transport of solutes from the peritubular fluid |
| polycystic kidney disease | inherited condition affecting the structure of kidney tubules |
| glomerular filtration | involves passage across the filtration membrane. has 3 componets 1. capillary endothelium, 2. lamina densa 3. filtration slits |
| glomerular hydrostatic pressure (GHP) | the blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries. This pressure tends to push water and solute molecules out of the plasma and into the filtrate.45-55mm |
| capsular hydrostatic pressure (CsHP) | tends to push water and solutes out of the filtrate and into the plasma 25mm |
| filtration pressure (FP) | the glomerulus is the difference between the hydrostatic pressure and the colloid osmotic pressure acting across the glomerular capillaries 10mm |
| glomerular filtration rate (GFR) | the amount of filrate you kidneys produce each minute. |
| angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) | this conversion occurs primarily in the capillaries of the lungs. |
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