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Wiley Anatomy Flash
Wiley Anatomy Flash Cards For Chapter 11 Part One
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Origin | attachment of muscle tendon to stationary bone |
| Insertion | the attachment of muscle other tendon to movable bone |
| Belly | fleshy portion of the muscle between the tendons |
| Reverse muscle action (RMA) | during specific movements of the body actions are reversed ;positions of origin and insertion of specific muscle are switched |
| Lever | rigid structure that can move around a fixed point called a fulcrum |
| Fulcrum | fixed point in lever symbolized by F |
| Effort | causes movement; force exerted by muscle contraction |
| load or resistance | opposes movement ;weight of body part that is moved |
| Motion | occurs when the effort applied to a bone at the insertion exceeds the load |
| Mechanical Advantage | If the load is closer to the fulcrum and the effort farther from the fulcrum, then only a relatively small effort is required to move a large load over a small distance |
| Mechanical Disadvantage | Load farther from the fulcrum and the effort is applied closer to the fulcrum then a relatively large effort is required to move a small load (but at greater speed) |
| First Class lever | fulcrum is between effort and load |
| Second class lever | load between fulcrum and effort |
| Third Class Lever | effort is between fulcrum and load |
| Fascicles | form one of five patterns with respect to tendons : parallel ,fusiform, circular triangular, or pennate |
| fusiform | spindle shaped, narrow toward the ends and wide in the middle |
| pennate | shaped like a feather |
| Fascicular arrangement | often represents a compromise between power and range of motion. Example: pennate, parralell |
| Pennate muscles (fascicular arrangement) | hane large number of short fibered fascicles distributed over their tendons , giving them greater power but a smaller ROM |
| Parallel muscles (fascicular arrangement) | have few fascicles, but have long fibers that extend the length of the muscle, so they hane a greater ROM than pennate |
| Prime mover (agonist)=leader | contacts to cause an action |
| Antagonist(anti-=against) | stretches and yields to the effects of prime mover |
| Synergists (syn-=together;-ergon=work) | To prevent unwanted movements at intermediate joints or to otherwise aid the movement of prime mover, synergists contract and stabilize intermediate joints |
| Fixators | steady the proximal end of a limb while movements occur at distal ends |
| Intramuscular injection | To avoid injury, IM are given deep within the muscle, away from major nerves and blood vessels. IM have a faster speed of delivery than oral medications but are slower than IV infusions. |
| Compartment | group of muscle cells , their associated blood vessels and associated nerves , all of which have common function |
| Parallel | fascicle parallel to longitudal axis of muscle; terminate at either end in flat tendons |
| Fusiform | fascicles nearly parallel to longitudinal axis of muscle ; terminate in flat tendon; muscle tapers toward tendons, where diameter is less than in belly |
| Curcular | fascicles in concentric circular components form sphincter muscles that in close an orifice |
| Orifice | Opening |
| Triangular | fascicles spread over broad area converge at thick central tendon, gives muscle a triangular apearance |
| Pennate | Short fascicles in relation to total muscle length, tendon extends nearly entire length of muscle |
| Unipennate | Fascicles arranged on only one side of tendon |
| Bipennate | fasciclearranged on both sides of centrally positioned tendons |
| Multipennate | Fascicles attach obliquely from many directions to several tendons |
| You can learn the names of the muscles by... | remembering the terms that refer to muscle features such as the pattern of muscle fascicle; the size, shape, action,and number of origins |
| You can also learn the names of the muscle by.. | location of the muscle and the sites of origin and insertion of the muscle |
| Knowing the name of the muscles will | give you clues about its features. |
| Characteristics used to name muscles | direction, size, shape, action, number of origins, location, origin and insertion |
| Direction | orientation of muscle fascicles relative to body midline (rectus, transverse, oblique) |
| Rectus | parallel to midline (rectus abdominis) |
| Transverse | perpendicular to midline (transverse abdominis) |
| Oblique | diagonal to midline (external oblique) |
| Size | relative size of muscle (maximus, minimus, longus, brevis, latissimus, longissimius , magnus, major, minor, vastus |
| Maximus | largest ( gluteus maximus) |
| Minimus | Smallest (gluteus minimus) |
| Longus | Long (adductor longus) |
| Brevis | short (adductor brevis) |
| Latissimus | Widest (latissimus dorsi) |
| Longissimius | Longest (longissimius capitis) |
| Magnus | Large (adductor magnus) |
| Major | Larger (pectoralis major) |
| Minor | smaller (pectoralis minor) |
| Vastus | huge ( vastus lateralis) |
| Shape | relative shape of the muscle ( deltoid, trapezius, serratus, rhomboid, orbicularis, pectinate, piriforms, platys, quadratus, gracilis) |
| Deltoid | Triangular ( deltoid) |
| Trapezius | trapezoid (trapezius) |
| serratus | saw toothed (serratus anterior) |
| rhomboid | diamond shaped ( rhomboid major) |
| orbicularis | circular ( orbicularis oculi) |
| pectinate | comblike ( pectineus) |
| piriformis | pear shaped (piriformis) |
| platys | flat (playtsma) |
| gracilis | slender (gracilis) |
| action | principal action of the muscle( flexor, extensor, abductor, adductor, levator, depressor, supinator, pronator, tensor, rotation |
| Flexor | decrease angle at joint (flexor carpi radialis) |
| extensor | increase angle at joint (extensor carpi ulnaris) |
| abductor | moves bone away from midline (abductor pollicis longus) |
| adductor | moves bone toward midline (adductor longuus) |
| levator | raises or elevates body part ( levator scapulae) |
| depressor | lowers or depresses body part ( depressor labii inferioris) |
| supinator | turns palms anteriorly ( supinator) |
| pronator | turns palms posteriorly |
| spinchter | decreases size of opening ( external anal spinchter) |
| tensor | makes body part rigid (tensor fasciae latae) |
| rotator | rotates bones around longitudinal axis (rotatore) |
| number of origins | number of tendons of origin ( bicep, tricep, quadriceps |
| Bicep | two origins ( biceps brachii) |
| tricep | three origins ( triceps brachii) |
| quadriceps | four origins (quadriceps femoris) |
| Location | structure near which a muscle is found ( temporalis muscle near temporal bone |
| Origin and Insertion | sites where muscle originates and inserts ( stenocleidomastoid, originating on sternum and clavicle and inserting in mastoid process of temporal bone) |
| Why do muscle facial expression move the skin rather than a joint | they usually originate in the fascia or bones of the skull and insert into the skin. Because of their insertions, the muscles of facial expression move the skin rather than a joint when they contract |
| scalp muscles | occipitofrontalis, frontal belly, occipital belly |
| occipitofrontalis | The occipitofrontalis muscle (epicranius muscle) is a muscle which covers parts of the skull. It consists of two parts or bellies: The occipital belly, near the occipital bone, and the frontal belly, near the frontal bone. |
| frontal belly origin | epicranal aponeurosis |
| frontal belly insertion | skin superior to supraorbital margin |
| frontal belly action | draws scalp anteriorly, raises eyebrows, and wrinkles skin of forehead horizontally as in look of suprise |
| frontal belly innervation | facial vii nerve |
| occipital belly origin | occipital bone and mastoid process of temporal bone |
| occipital belly insertion | epicranial aponeurosis |
| occipital belly action | draws scalp posteriorly |
| OCCIPITAL BELLY INNERVATION | facial vii nerve |
| Mouth muscles | orbicularis oris, zygomaticus major, zygomaticus minor, levator labii superioris, depressor labii inferioris, depressor anguli oris, levator anguli oris, buccinators, risorius, mentalis |
| orbicularis oris origin | muscle fibers surrounding mouth |
| oo insertion | skin at corner of mouth |
| oo action | closes and protrudes lips, as in kissing; compresses lips against teeth ; shapes lips during speech |
| oo innervation | facial nerve vii nerve |
| zgomaticus major origin | zygomatic bone |
| zm insertion | skin at angle of mouth and orbicularis oris |
| zm action | draws angle of mouth superiorly and laterally |
| zm innervation | facial vii nerve |
| zygomaticus minor origin | zygomatic bone |
| zygomaticus minor insertion | upper lip |
| z minor action | raises (elevates) upper lip , exposing maxillary (upper) teeth |
| z minor innervation | facial vii nerve |
| levator labii superioris origin | superior infraorbital foramen of maxilla |
| lls insertion | skin at angle of mouth and orbicularis oris |
| lls action | raises upper lip |
| lls innervation | facial vii nerve |
| depressor labii inferioris origin | mandible |
| dli insertion | skin of lower lip |
| dli action | depresses (lowers)lower lip |
| dli innervation | facial nerve vii |
| depressor angular oris origin | mandible |
| dao insertion | angle of mouth |
| dao action | draws angle of mouth laterally and inferiorly |
| dao innervation | facial vii nerve |
| levator angular oris origin | inferior to infraorbital foramen |
| lao insertion | skin of lower lip and orbicularis oris |
| lao action | draws angle of motuh llaterally and superiorly |
| lao innervation | facial nerve vii |
| buccinators origin | alveolar process of maxilla and mandible and pterygomandibular raphe ( fibourus band extending from pterygoid process process of sphenoid bone to mandible) |
| b insertions | orbicularis oris |
| b action | presses cheeks against teeth and lips, as in whistling, blowing and sucking,; draws corner of mouth laterally ; assists in mastication (chewing) by keeping food between the teeth (and not between teeth and cheeks) |
| b innervation | facial vii |
| Risorius origin | fascia over parotid (salivary gland) |
| r insertion | skin at angle of mouth |
| r action | draws angle of mouth laterally, as in grimacing) |
| r innervation | facial vii |
| mentalis origin | mandible |
| m insertion | skin of chin |
| m action | elevates and protrudes lower lip inferiorly and posteriorly as in pouting, depresses mandible |
| m innervation | facial vii nereve |
| Neck muscles | platysma |
| Platysma origin | fascia over deltoid and pectoralis major muscles |
| platysma insertion | mandible blends with muscle around angle of mouth,and skin of lower face |
| platysma action | draws outer part of lower lip inferiorly and posteriorly as in pouting depresses mandible |
| platysma innervation | facial vii nerve |
| orbit and eyebrow muscles | orbicularis oculi, corrugator supercilli |
| Orbicularis oculi origin | medial wall of orbit |
| orbicularis oculi insertion | circular path around orbit |
| orbicularis oculi action | close |
| orbicularis oculi innervation | facial nerve vii |
| corrugator supercili origin | medial end of supercillary arch of frontal bone |
| cs insertion | skin of eyebrow |
| cs action | draws eyebrows inferiorly and wrinkles skin of forehead vertically as in frowning. |
| List Muscles of the head that move the eyeballs and upperlids | superior rectus, inferior rectus, lateral rectus, medial rectus, superior oblique, inferior oblique, levator palpebrae superioris |
| superior rectus origin | common tendinous ring (attached to orbit around optic foramen) |
| superior rectus insretion | superior and central part of eyeballs |
| superior rectus action | moves eyeballs superiorly (elevation) and medially (adduction) and rotates them medially |
| superior rectus innervation | oculomotor iii nerve |
| inferior rectus origin | same as superior rectus |
| inferior rectus insertion | inferior and central part of eyeballs |
| inferior rectus action | moves eyeballs inferiorly (depression) and medially (adduction) and rotates them laterally |
| inferior rectus innervation | oculomotor iii nerve |
| lateral rectus | same as superior rectus |
| lateral rectus insertion | lateral side of eyeballs |
| lateral rectus action | moves eyeballs laterally (abduction) |
| lateral rectus innervation | abducens vi nerve |
| medial rectus origin | same as superior rectus |
| medial rectus insertion | medial side of eyeballs |
| medial rectus action | moves eyeball medially (adduction) |
| medial rectus innervation | oculomotor iii nerve |
| Superior oblique origin | sphenoid bone, superior and medial to common tendinous ring in orbit |
| superior oblique insertion | eyeball between superior and lateral recti. Muscle inserts into ssuperior and lateral surfaces of eyeball via tendon that passes through trochlea |
| superior oblique action | moves eyeballs inferiorly (depression) and laterally (abduction) and rotates them medially |
| superior oblique innervation | moves eyeballs trochlear iv nerve |
| Inferior oblique origin | maxilla in floor of orbit |
| Inferior oblique insertion | eyeball between inferior and lateral recti |
| Inferior oblique action | moves eyeballs superiorly (elevation) and laterally (abduction) and rotates them laterally |
| Inferior oblique innervation | oculomotor iii nerve |
| Levetator palpebrae superioris (lps) origin | roof of orbit(lesser wing of sphenoid bone) |
| lps insertion | skin and tarsal plate of upper eyelids |
| lps action | elevates upper eyelids (open eyes) |
| lps innervation | oculomotor iii nerve |
| List muscle that move the mandilble and assist in mastication of speech | masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid , lateral pterygoid |
| Masseter origin | maxilla and zygomatic arch |
| masseter insertion | angle of ramus of mandible |
| masseter action | elevates mandible as in closing the mouth |
| masseter innervation | mandibular division of trigeminal v nerve |
| temporalis origin | temporal bone |
| temporalis insertion | coronoid process of ramus of mandible |
| temporalis action | elevates and retracts mandible |
| temporalis innervation | mandibular division of trigeminal nerve v |
| medial pterygoid origin | medial surface of lateral portion of pterygoid process of sphenoid bine |
| medial pterygoid insertion | angle of ramus of mandible |
| medial pterygoid action | elevates and protracts (protrudes) mandible and moves mandible from side to side |
| medial pterygoid innervation | mandibular division of trigeminal |
| lateral pterygoid origin | greater wing and lateral surface of lateral protion of pterygoid process of sphenoid bone, maxilla |
| lp insertion | condyle of mandible, tmj |
| lp action | protracts mandible, depresses mandible as in opening mouth, and moves mandible from side to side |
| lp innervation | mandibular division of trigeminal v nerve |
| Muscle of mastication definition | muscles that move the mandible (list) and assist in mastication (chewing) |
| List muscles of the Head that move the tongue and assist in mastication types | genioglossus, stlyoglossus, hyoglossus, palateglossus |
| Genioglossus origin | mandible |
| geniglossus insertion | under surface of tongue and hyoid bone |
| genioglossus action | depresses tongue and thrusts it anteriorly (protraction) |
| genioglossus innervation | hypoglossal nerve xii |
| styloglossus origin | styloid process of temporal bone |
| styloglossos insertion | side and underface of tounge |
| styloglossous action | depresses tongue and draws it posteriorly (retraction) |
| styloglos innervation | hypoglossal xii nerve |
| hyoglossus origin | greater horn and body of hyoid bone |
| hyoglossu insertion | side of tongue |
| hyoglossus action | depresses tongue and draws down its sides |
| hyoglossus innervation | hypoglossal xii nerve |
| palatoglossus origin | aneterior surface of soft palate |
| palatoglossus insertion | side of tongue |
| palatoglossus action | elevates posterior protion of tongue and draws soft palate down on tongue |
| palatoglossus innervation | pharyngeal plexus, which contains axons from the agus (x) nerve |
| Two groups of muscles aassociated with anterior neck | suprahyoid and infrahyoid |
| Suprahyoid | so called because they are located superior to hyoid bone |
| infrahyoid | so called because they are below hyoid |
| Both infrahyoid and suprahyoid | stabilize the hyoid bone,allowingit to serve as a firm base on which the tongue can move |
| List the suprahyoid muscles of the anterioir neckthat assist in degula | digastric, stylohyoid, mylohyoid, geniohyoid |
| Digastric origin | anterior belly from inner side of inferiror border of mandible ; posterior belly from temporal bone |
| digastric insertion | body of hyoid bone via an intermediate tendon |
| digastric action | elevates hyoid bone.RMA: depresses mandible asin opening of mouth |
| digastric innervation | anterior bellyu of mandibular division of trigeminal v nerve |
| Stylohyoid origin | styloid process of temporal bone |
| stylohyoin insertion | body of hyoid bone |
| stylohyoid action | elevates hyoid bone and draws it posteriorly |
| stylohyoid innervation | facial vii nerve |
| Mylohyoid origin | inner surface of mandible |
| mylohyoid insertion | inner surface of mandible |
| mylohyoid action | elevates hyoid bone and floor of mouth and depresses mandible |
| mylohyoid innervation | mandibular division of trigeminal v nerve |
| geniohyoid origin | iiner surface of mandible |
| geniohyoid insertion | body of hyoid bone |
| geniohyoid action | elevates hyoid bone, draws hyoid bone and tongue anteriorly , depresses mandible |
| geniohyoid innervation | first cervical spinall nerve c1 |
| List of infrahyoid muscles | omohyoid sternohyoid strenothyroid thyrohyoid |
| Omohyoid origin | superior border of scapular and superior transverse ligament |
| omohyoid insertion | body of hyoid bone |
| omohyoid action | depresses hyoid bone |
| omohyiod innervation | branches of spinal nerves c1-c3 |
| Sternohyoid origin | medial end of clavicle and manubrium of sternum |
| sternohyoin insertion | body of hyoid |
| sternohyoid action | depresses hyoid bone |
| sternohyoid innervation | branches of spinal nerves c1-c3 |
| sternothyoid origin | manubrium of sternum |
| sternnothyoid insertion | greater forn of hyoid bone |
| sternthyoid action | depresses throid cartilage of larynx |
| strenthyoid innervation | branches of spinal nerves c1-c3 |
| thyrohyoid origin | thyroid cartilage of larynx |
| Thhyrohyoid insertion | greate horn of hyoid bone |
| thyrohyoid action | depresses hyoid bone . RMA:Elevates thyroid cartilage |
| Thyrohyoid innervation | branches of spinal nerves c1-c2 and descending hypoglossal nerve. |
| List muscles of the neck that move the head | sternocleidomastoid, semispinalis capitis, splenius capitus, longissimus capitus, spinalis capitis |
| Sternocleidomastoid origin | STERNAL HEAD; MANUBRIUM OF STERNUM, CLAVICULAR HEAD:MEDIAL OF THIRD CLAVICLE |
| sternocleidomastoid insertion | mastoid process of temporal bone and lateral half of superior nuchal line of occipital bone |
| sternocleidomastoid action | look in book |
| sternocleidomastoid innervation | Acessory (xi) nerve, c2, and c3 |
| semispnalis capitis origin | articular process of c4-c6 and transverse processes of c7-t7 |
| semispinalis capitis insertion | occipital bone netween superior and inferior nuchal lines |
| semispinalis capitis action | Acting todether, extend head and vertebral column, acting singly, rotate head side to side opposite contracting muscle |
| semispinalis capitis innervation | cervical and spinal nerves |
| splenius capitis origin | ligsmentum nuchae and spinous process of c7-t4 |
| splenius capitis insertion | occipital bone and mastoid process of temporal bone |
| splenius capitus action | extend head, acting together, muscle of each region (cervical and thoracic) extend vertebral column of their respective regions |
| splenius capitis innervation | cervical spinal nerves |
| Longissimus Capitis origin | articular process of t1-t4 |
| longissimus capitus insertion | mastoid process of temporal bone |
| longissimus capitis action | Acting together, extend ead and vertebral column;acting singly, laterlly flex and rotate head to same side as contracting muscle |
| longissimus capitis innervaton | cervical and spinal nerves |
| Spinalis capitis origin | often absent or very small; arises with semispinalis capitis |
| spinalis capitis insertion | occipital bone |
| spinalis capitis action | extends head and vertebral column |
| spinalis capitis innervation | cervical spinal nerves |
| List muscles of the bdomen that protect abdominal viscera and move the vertebral column | rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, transverse abdominis,quadratus lumborum |
| Rectus abdominis origin | pubic crest aand pubic symphysis |
| Rectus abdominis inserion | cartilage of ribs 5-7 and xiphoid process |
| Rectus abdominis action | look in book |
| rectus abdominis innervation | thoracic spinal nerves |
| external oblique origin | ribs 5-12 |
| external oblique insertion | iliac crest and linea alba |
| external oblique action | look in book |
| external oblique innervation | thoracic spinal nerves t7-t12 and the iliohypogastric nerve |
| Internal oblique origin | iliac crst, inguinal ligmanet , and thorocolumbar fascia |
| Internal oblique insertion | cart ribs 7-10 and linea alba |
| internal oblique action | look in book |
| internal oblique innervation | thoracic spinal nerves t8-t12 the iliohypogastric nerve, ilioinguinial nerve |
| Transversus abdominis | Iliac crest inguinial ligament , lubar fasia, and cart of ribs 5-10 |
| transversus insertion | xiphoid process, linea alba and pubis |
| transversus action | compresses abdomen |
| transversus abdominis innerevation | thoracic spinal neres t8-t12, iliohypogastric nerve, ang ilioinguinial nerve |
| Quadratus lumborum origin | iliac crest and iliolumbar ligament |
| quadratis lumborun insertion | inferior boreder of rib 12 and l1-l4 |
| Quadratus lumborum action | look in book |
| quadratus lumborum innervation | thoracic spinal nerves t12 and lumbar spinal nerves L1-L3 or L1-L4 |
| List muscles of the thorax that assist in breathing | diaphragm, external intercostals, internal intercostals Diaphram origin |
| Diaphram origin | xiphoid process, cost cartilage of ribes 7-12, lumbar vert and intervert disc |
| Diaphram insertion | central tendon |
| Diaphram action | look in book |
| Diapram inervation | phrenic nerve which contains axons from cervical spinal nerves c3-c5 |
| external intercostals origin | inferior border of rib above |
| external intercostal insertion | superior border of rib below |
| external intercostals action | look in book |
| external intercostals innervation | thoracic spinal nerves t2-t12 |
| Internal intercostals origin | superior border of rib below |
| internal intercostals insertion | inferior border of rib above |
| Internal intercostals action | look book |
| internal intercostal innervation | thoracic spinal nerves t2-t12 |
| List the muscles of the pelvic floor that support the pelvic viscera and function as sphincters | levator ani, pubococcygeus, puborectalis, illiococcygeus, ishiococcygeus |
| Levator ani origin | muscle is divisible into three parts: puboccocygeus, puborectalis, illiococcygeus |
| Pubococcygeus origin | pubis and ishial spine |
| pubococcygeus insertion | coccys, urethra, anal canal, perineal body of perineum, and anococcygeal ligament |
| pubococcygeus action | refer to book |
| pubococcygeus innervation | sacral spinal nereves s2-s4 |
| Puborectalis orign | posterior surface of pubic body |
| puborectalis inserion | forms a sling posterior ti the anorectl junction |
| puborectalis action | helps maintain fecal continence amd aassists in defacation |
| puborectalis innervaton | sacral spinal nerves s2-s4 |
| illiococcygeus origin | ishial spine |
| illicoccygeus insertion | coccyx |
| iliiococcygeus action | same as pubococcygeus |
| iliococcygeus innervation | sacral spinal nerves s2-s4 |
| Ischiococcygeus origin | ishial spine |
| ishioccocygeus insertion | lower sacrum and upper coccyx |
| ishiococcygeus action | refer to book |
| ischiococcygeus innervation | sacral spinal nerve s2-s4 |
| List superficial muscles of the Perineum | superficial transverse perineal, bulbospongiosus, ischiocavernous |
| Superficial transverse perineal origin | ischial tuberosity |
| superficial transvere perineal insertion | perineal body of perineum |
| superficial transverse perineal action | stabilzes perineal body of perineum |
| superficial transverse perineal innervation | perianal branch of pudendal nerve of sacral plexus |
| Bulbospongiosus origin | perineal body of pernium |
| bUlbospongiosus insertion | perineal membrane of deep muscle of perineum , corpus spongiosumm of penis, and deep fascia on dorsum of penis in male, pubic arch and root and dorsum of clit in female |
| Bulbospongious action | helps expel urine during urination, helps prople semen along urethra, assists in erection of penis in male, contricts vaginal orfice and assits in erection of clit in fem |
| bulbospongious innervation | perineal branch of pudenial nerve and sacral plexus |
| ischiocavernous origin | ishial tuberosity and ishial and pubic rami |
| ishiocavernosus inserion | corpora vavernosa of penis in malle and clitoris in female. Pubic symphisys |
| ischiocavernosus action | maintains erection of penis in male and cli by decreasing urine drainage |
| ischiocavernosus innervation | perineal branch of pudenial nerve of sacral plexus |
| List the deep perineal muscle | deep transverse perineal, external urethral spinchter, compressor urethrae, sphincter urethroaginalis, external anal spinchter |
| deep transverse perineal origin | ishial ramus |
| deep transverse perineal inerstion | perianal body if perinum |
| deep transverse perineal action | helps expel last drops of urine and semen in male |
| deep transver perineal innervation | sacral spinal nercve s4 and inferior rectal branch of pud nerve |
| wexternal urethral sphincter orin | ishial and pubic rami |
| external urethral sphincter insertion | median raphe in male and vaginal wall female |
| emetenal urethral spincter action | helps expel last drop of urine and semen in male, and urine in female |
| compressor urethrae origin | ishiopubic ramus |
| compressor urethra insertion | blends with same muscle of oppsite side anterior to uretha |
| compressor urethra action | serves as accersory sphincter of urethra |
| compressor urethra innnervation | perineal branch of pudenal nerve of sacral plexus |
| Sphincter urethrovaginalis origin | perineal body |
| spinchter urethrovaginalis insertion | blends with same muscle of opposite side snterior to urethra |
| sphincter urethrovaginalis action | serves as accessory spincther o urethra and facilititates closing of vagina |
| sphincter urethrovaginalis innervation | perinel branch of pud nerve of sacral plexus |
| external anal sphincter origin | anococcygeal ligasment |
| external anal sphincter insertion | perianal body of perineum |
| external anal sphincter action | keeps anal canal and anus closeed |
| external anal sphincter innervation | sacral spine nerve s4 and inferior rectal branch of pud nerve |
| List anterior thoracic muscles of the thorax that move the pectoral girdle | subclavis, pectoralis minor, serratus anterior |
| subclavis origin | rib 1 |
| subclavis insertion | clavicle |
| subclavis action | depresses and moves clavicle anteriorly and helps stabilize pectoral girdle. |
| subclavis innervation | subclavian nerve |
| pectoralis minor origin | rib 2-5, 3-5, or 2-4 |
| pectoralis minor insertion | coracoid process of scapula |
| pectoralis minor action | abducts scapula and rotates it downward. RMA elevates ribs 3-5 during forced inhalaton when scapula is fixed |
| pectoralis minor innervation | medial pectoral nerve |
| serratus anterior origin | ribs 1-8 or 1-9 |
| serratus anterior insertion | bert border and inferior angle of scapula |
| serratus anterior action | abducts scapula and rotates it upward. RMA: elevates ribs when scapula is stabilized. know as boxers muscle because it is important in horizontal arm movements such as punching and pushing |
| serratus anterior innervation | long thoracic nerve |
| list the posterior muscles of the thorax that move the pectoral girdle | trapezius, levator scapulae, rhomboid major and rhomboid minor |
| trapezius origin | superior nuchal line of occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, and spines of c7-t12 |
| trapezius insertion | clavicle and acromion spine of scapula |
| trapezius action | superior fibers rotate scapula, middle fibers adduct scapula; inferior fibers depress and upward rotate scapula, superior and inferior fibers together rotate scapula upward; stabilizes scapula. RMA: superior fibers can help extend head |
| trapezius innervation | accessory (XI) nerve and cervical spinal nerves c3-c5 |
| levator scapulae origin | transverse processes of c1-c4 |
| levator scapulae insertion | superior vertebral border of scapula |
| levator scapulae action | eleates scapula and rotates it downward |
| levator scapulae innervation | dorsal scapular nerve and cervical spinal nerves c3-c5 |
| rhomboid major origin | spines of spines of t2-t5 |
| rhomboid major insertion | vert border of scapula inferior to spine |
| rhomboid major action | elevates and adducts scapula and rotates it downward, stabilizes scapula |
| rhomboid major innervation | dorsal scapular nerve |
| rhomboid minor origin | spines of c7-t1 |
| rhomboid minor insertion | vert border of scapula superior to spine |
| rhomboid minor innervation | dorsal scapular nerve |
| list the axial muscles that move the humerus | pectoralis major, latissmus dorsi |
| Pectoralis major origin | clavicular head, sternum, costal cartilages of ribs 2-6 amd sometimes ribs 1-7 (sternocostal head) |
| pectoralis major insertion | greater tubrecule aamd lateral lip or intertubecular sulcus of humerus |
| pectoralis major action | as a whole, adducts and medially rotates arm at shoulder joint, clavicular head flex arm, sternocostal head extends flexed arm to side of trunk |
| pectoralis major innervation | medial and lateral pectoral nerves |
| lassimus dorsi origin | spines of t7- L5, lumbar vertebrae, crests of sacrum and ilium, ribs 9-12 via thoracolumbar fascia |
| latissmus dorsi insertion | intertubecolar sulcus of humerus |
| latissmus dorsi action | extends, adducts, and medially rotates arm at shoulder joint, draws arm inferiorly and posteriorly. Rma: elevates vert column and torso |
| lattismus dorsi innervation | thoracodorsal nerve |
| list the scapular muscles that move the humerus | deltoid, subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres ,ajor, teres minor, coracobrachialis |
| deltoin origin | acromial exteremity of clavicle (anterior fibers) acromion of scapula and spine of scapula |
| deltoid insertion | deltoid tuberosity of humerus |
| deltoid action | lateral fibers abduct arm at shoulder joint, posterior fibes extend laterally rotate arm at shoulder jooint |
| deltoid innervation | axillary nerve |
| suscapularis origin | subscapular fossa of scapula |
| subscapularis insertion | lesser tubercule of humerus |
| subscapularis action | medially rotates arm at shoulder joint |
| SUBSCAPULARIS INERVATION | UPPER AND LOWER SUBSCAPULAR NERVE |
| infraspinatus origin | infraspinous fossa of scapula |
| infraspinatus insertion | greater tubercule of humerus |
| infraspinatus action | laterally rotates arm at shoulder joint |
| infraspinatus innervation | suprascapular nerve |
| Teres major origin | inferior angle of scapula |
| Teres major insertion | medial lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus |
| teres major action | extends arm at shoulder joint and assists in adduction and medial rotation of arm at shoulder joint |
| teres major innervation | lower subscapular nerve |
| teres minor origin | inferior lateral border of scapula |
| teres minor insertion | greater tubercle of humerus |
| teres minor action | laterally rotates and extends arm at shoulder joint |
| teres minor innervation | axillary nerve |
| coracobarachialis origin | coracoid process of scapula |
| coracobrachialis insertion | middle surface of medial surface of shaft of humerus |
| coracobrachailis action | flexes and adducts arm at shoulder joint |
| coracobrachialis innervation | musculocutaneous nerve |
| supraspinatus origin | supraspious fosa of scapula |
| supraspinatus insertion | greater tubercle of humerus |
| supraspinatus action | assist deltoid muscle on abducting arm at shoulder joint |
| supraspinatus inervation | suprascaplar nerve |
| List the muscles of the arm that move the radius and ulna | biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis, triceps brachii, anconeus, pronator teres, pronator quadratus, supinator |
| Forearm flexors | biceps brachaii, brachialis, brachioradialis |
| forearm extensors | triceps brachii, anconeus |
| forearm pronators | pronator teres, pronatos quadratus |
| forearm suponator | supinator |
| biceps brachii origin | long head ooriginates from tubercule above glenoid cavity of scapula (supraglenoid tubercule) |
| biceps brachii insertion | radial tuberosity of radius and bicipital aponeurosis |
| biceps brachii action | flexes forearm at elbow joint, supinates forearm at radioulnar joints, and flexes arm at shoulder joint |
| biceps brachii innervation | flexes forearm at elbow joint , supinates forearm at radioulnar joints, and flexes arm at sholder joint |
| biceps brachii innervation | musculocutaneous nerve |
| brachialis origin | distal anterior surface of humerus |
| brachialis insertion | ulnar tuberosity and coronoid process of ulna |
| brachialis action | flexes at elbow joint |
| brachialis innervation | musculocutanous and radial nerve |
| brachioradialis origin | lat boredr of distal end of humerus |
| bracioradialis insertion | superior to styloid process of radius |
| brachioradialis action | flexes forearm at elbow joint, supinates and pronates forearm at radioulnar joints to neutral position |
| brachioradialis innervation | radial nerve |
| triceps brachii origin | long head originates from infraglenoid tubercle , a projection inferior to glenoid cavity of scapula. Lat head origin from lat and post surface of humerus. Medial head originates from entire posterior surface of humerus infe to a grove for the radia nerve |
| triceps brachii insertion | olecranon of ulna |
| triceps brachii action | extends forearm at elbow and extends arm at shoulder joint |
| triceps brachii innervation | radial nerve |
| anconeus origin | lat epicondyle of humerus |
| anconeus insertion | olecranon and superior portion of ulna shaft |
| anconeus action | extends forearm at elbow joint |
| anconeus innerveation | radfial nerve |
| pronator teres origin | med epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna |
| pronator teres insertion | midlateral surface of radius |
| pronator teres action | pronates forearm at radioulnar joint and weakly flexes forearm at elbow joint |
| pronator teres innervation | median nerve |
| pronator QUADRATUS ORIGIN | DISTAL PORTION OF ULNA |
| PRONATOR QUAD INSERTION | DISTAL PORTION OF RADIUS SHARFT |
| PRONATOR QUAD ACTION | PRONATES FOREARM AT RADIOULNAR JONT |
| PRONATOR QUAD INNERVATION | MEDIAN NERVE |
| supinator origin | lat epicondyle of humerus and ridge near radial notch of ulna (supinator crest) |
| supinator insertion | lat surf of proximal one third of radius |
| supinator innervation | deep radial nerve |
| supinator action | supinates forearm at radioulnar joint |
| List muscles of the forearm that move wrist, hand, thumb and digits | superficial anterior (flexor) compartment of the forearm, deep anterior (flexor) compartment of the forearm |
| List superficial anterior compartment of the forearm | flexo carpi radialis, palamaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum superficial |
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