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Economics 4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| supply | amount of goods available |
| law of supply | tendency of suppliers to offer more of a good at a higher price |
| firms changing level of production, new firms entering/exiting existing market | two movements |
| elasticity of demand | measure of the way quantity supplied reacts to a change in price |
| time | the key factor in determining elasticity of a good |
| How many workers to hire? | basic question firms must answer |
| marginal product of labor | change in output from hiring one addition unit of labor |
| increasing marginal return | level of production in which the marginal product of labor increases as the number of workers increases |
| diminishing marginal return | level of production in which the marginal product of labor decreases as the number of workers increases |
| fixed cost | does not change, no matter how much of a good is produced |
| variable cost | rises or falls depending on how much is produced |
| total cost | fixed costs plus variable costs |
| marginal cost | cost of producing one more unit of a good |
| maximize profits | basic goal of a firm |
| marginal revenue | additional income from selling one more unit of a good |
| subsidies | government payment that supports a business or market |
| not cultivate part of their land | farmers in the US are often paid to |
| consumers may not realize they are paying them | excise taxes are built into the cost, so |
| regulation | government intervention in a market that affects the production of a good |
| requiring automobiles to have better gas mileage | example of a regulation |
| sign an artist with a similar sound | market entry example of music artist |