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Blood,Lymph&Immune

Blue Module Review

QuestionAnswer
Describe platelets -thrombocytes -cell fragments -initiate blood clotting -smallest formed elements found in the blood -hemostasis
Describe red blood cells -erythrocytes -transport O2 and CO2 -most numerous circulating blood cells -during erythropoiesis they decrease in size -shaped in biconcave disks -develop Hb/Hgb (gives them their red colour) -Hb carries O2 to body tissue and exchanges it for CO2
Describe the spleen -acts as a filter -resembles a lymph node -Destroys old RBCs -stores healthy blood cells
Describe the thymus -responsible for cellular immunity -transforms lymphocytes into T cells -located in the mediastinum
Describe the tonsils Masses of lymphatic tissue(palatine) located in the pharynx -protect upper respiratory structures -acts as filters
Describe white blood cells -protect the body from pathogens -remove debris from injured tissue -aid in healing process -diapedesis -initial inflammation & immune response -phagocytic -some granulocytes, some agranulocytes -migrate through capillaries & venules
List autoimmune diseases -Myasthenia gravis -rheumatoid arthritis -systemic lupus erythematosus -AIDS -allergies -thrombocytopenia -vasculitis
What is the function of histamines? initiates the inflammatory process by increasing blood flow
What are the two ducts of the lymph system? thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct
What are the four types of T cells? cytotoxic, helper, suppressor and memory
What are the functions of the lymph system? -maintain fluid balance -transport lipids away from GI system -filter and remove unwanted infectious products
What is an allergy? acquired abnormal immune response
What is hematology? study of blood cells, blood clotting mechanism, bone marrow & lymph nodes
What is heparin? acts to prevent blood from clotting at the injury site
Where do blood cells develop from? stem cells
edema Abnormal accumulation of fluids in the intercellular spaces of the body
hemosiderosis Abnormal increase of iron in the blood
leukocytosis Abnormal increase of white cells
lymphadenopathy Any disease of the lymph nodes
megakaryocyte Cell with a large nucleus; fragments become platelets
pernicious anemia Chronic, progressive anemia due to lack of sufficient vitamin B12
phagocytosis Condition of ingesting cells
leukopenia Decrease in white blood cells
thrombolysis Destruction of a clot
hemolytic anemia Destruction of RBCs, commonly resulting in jaundice
dyspnea Difficulty breathing
adenopathy Disease of a gland
vertigo Dizziness
splenomegaly Enlargement of the spleen
thymectomy Excision of the thymus gland
autoimmune disease Failure of the body to accurately distinguish between what is "self" and what is "non-self"
hematopoiesis Formation of blood cells and platelets in bone marrow
reticulocyte Immature RBC
folic-acid deficiency anemia Inability to produce sufficient RBCs
transfusion Infusion of blood or blood products from one person to another
sickle cell anemia Inherited anemia that causes RBCs to become crescent or sickle-shaped
iron-deficiency anemia Lack of sufficient iron in RBCs
monocyte Leukocyte that is phagocytic
eosinophil Leukocyte that protects by releasing toxins to destroy harmful invaders
basophil Leukocyte that releases histamines and heparin
hematoma Localized accumulation of blood
erythrocyte Mature red blood cell
phlebotomy Obtaining blood for testing purposes
immunologist One who specializes in the study of protection
hypochromic Pertaining to decrease of colour
hemoglobin Plasma protein; carries O2 to body tissues
thrombocyte Platelet; initiate blood clotting
sepsis Presence of bacteria or their toxins in the blood; also called septicemia or blood poisoning
antibody Protects against antigens
lymphocytes Provides protection from bacteria by producing antibodies
erythema Redness of the skin
anemia Reduction in the number of circulating RBCs
myeloid Resembling bone marrow
aplastic anemia Serious form of anemia associated with bone marrow failure
antigen Substance recognized as harmful to the host
blood culture Test to determine the presence of pathogens in the bloodstream
plasma The liquid portion of blood
neutrophil The most numerous WBC
morphology The study of shape
viscous Thick, sticky
lymphoma Tumor of lymph tissue
granulocyte Type of WBC containing granules; formed in the red bone marrow
agranulocyte Type of WBC without granules
leukocytes White blood cell
AB, Ab, ab antibody
A, B, AB, O blood types in ABO blood group
AIDS acquired immune deficiency syndrome
ALL acute lymphocytic leukemia
AML acute myelogenous leukemia
ANA antinuclear antibody
APC antigen-presenting cell
APTT activated partial thromboplastin time
BMT bone marrow transplant
CBC complete blood count
CLL chronic lymphocytic leukemia
CML chronic myelogenous leukemia
DIC disseminated intravascular coagulation
diff differential count (WBCs)
DVT deep vein thrombosis
EBV Epstein-Barr virus
GVHD graft-versus-host disease
eos eosinophil (type of WBC)
Hb, Hgb hemoglobin
Igs immunoglobulins
MNL mononuclear leukocytes
NK cell natural killer cell
PCP pneumocystic pneumonia
PMN polymorphonuclear
PMNL, poly polymorphonuclear leukocyte
PT prothrombin time
PTT partial thromboplastin time
RA rheumatoid arthritis
RBC, rbc red blood cells
Segs segmented neutrophils
SLE systemic lupus erythematosus
WBC, wbc white blood cells
antiserum Blood serum that contains antibodies
HIV human immunodeficiency virus
Created by: Barbara Ross
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