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68C Ch.14 Ph.1 T.5
Hole's Essentials of A&P Chapter 14: Lymphatic Syst
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the functions of the Lymphatic system? | Remove excess fluid from interstitial spaces and return it to the bloodstream. Provide immunity from infection MO's, viruses, toxins, cancer cells |
| Name the two collecting ducts within the lymphatic system. | a. Right lymphatic duct b. thoracic duct |
| Lymphatic capillaries | extend into the interstitial spaces forming complex networks that parallel those of blood capillaries |
| lacteals | lymphatic vessels in walls of the small intestine, absorb digestive fats, transport to venous circulation |
| Lymph nodes | specialized organs along lymphatic pathways, contain large number of lymphocytes and macrophages |
| Major function of the lymph nodes | filter potentially harmful particles from lymph before returning to bloodstream |
| Lymph | tissue fluid that has entered lymphatic capillary, fluid movement through hydrostatic pressure |
| Thymus | releases thymosin that stimulates the maturation of T cells |
| Spleen | largest of the lymphatic organs, filters blood instead of lymph |
| Two types of pulp within the spleen | White- contains many lymphocytes/white blood cells Red-old and fragile RBC's, blood in filtered within this space |
| Name the 2 Non-specific defenses | 1.Mechanical Barriers 2.Chemical Barriers |
| Describe 1st Line of Defense (Mechanical Barriers) | skin, hair, mucous membranes, respiratory tract, urinary system |
| Describe 2nd Line of Defense (Chemical Barriers) | gastric juice, tears, salts from perspiration, interferons, inflammation, heat, pus, pain |
| What are interferons? | bind to certain receptors of unaffected cells and stimulate proteins to block viruses |
| Describe 3rd Line of Defense (Adaptive Defensive) | respond slowly, resistance to a particular pathogen, toxins or metabolic byproducts, use antigens to form antibodies |
| T-Cell | Cellular immune response, killer cells attack cell directly with antigen bearing cells. Compose of 70-80% of circulating lymphocytes |
| Helper T-cells | activate B cells to produce antibodies, antigen receptor combines with the displayed foreign antigen |
| Memory T-cells | remember pathogens, immediately divide, yield more cytotoxic T cells |
| Formed in the red bone marrow, only 1 cell can form 1 type of antigen | B cell |
| Antibodies are released into the lymph, transported to the blood then throughout the body to help destroy antigen-bearing agents | Primary Immune Response |
| Antigen is encountered by memory cell, B cells enlarges and rapidly responds | Secondary Immune Response |
| Describe the difference amongst Active immunity and Passive immunity. | Active- acquired through development of antibodies from direct contact with pathogen Passive- acquired through direct introduction of antibodies for specific pathogen |
| Naturally acquired active immunity | get sick, fight it off, build immunity |
| Artificially acquired active immunity | exposure to dead, weakened pathogen, produces primary immune response ie vaccine |
| Naturally acquired passive immunity | acquired by fetus from mother, last 6 months to year after birth |
| Artificially acquired passive immunity | injection of antiserum, no time to develop active immunity |
| reaction is immune attack against non harmful substance, may damage tissues, delayed or immediate | Allergic reaction |
| isoimmunity | tissue transplants |
| autoimmunity | failure to differentiate self from non-self antigen |
Created by:
ajwildasin30
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