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Stack #16824
Functional Anatomy of the Respiratory System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the 4 main events of respiration? | pulmonary ventilation, external respiration, transport of gases, internal respiration |
| Name the respiratory zone structures | respiratory bronchiloles, alveolar ducts, alveoli, and all microscopic structures. |
| What is the function of the respiratory zone? | Site of gas exchange |
| Name the conducting zone structures. | all other resp passages from nose to bronchioles |
| List the pathway of air in order as it enters the body to the bronchi. | nose, external nares, internal nares, middle meatus, pharynx, nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharnyx, larynx, epiglottis, glottis, vocal folds, trachea, carina, primary bronci |
| List the bones and cartilages contributing to the framework of the nose. | nasal bone, septal cartilage, maxillary bone, lateral cartilage, greater alar cartilage, lesser alar cartilages, dense fibrous connective tissue |
| Air enters the nasal cavities of the resp system through the_____? | external nares |
| The nasal cavity is divided by the midline___? | nasal septum |
| The nasal cavity's major functions are to_____? | moisten, warm, clean and filter the incoming air |
| Mucous membrane-lined cavities called___are found in several bones surrounding the nasal cavity. | paranasal sinuses |
| Paranasal sinuses make the skull less heavy and probably act as resonance chambers for____? | speech |
| The ___, is often referred to as the throat; it connects the nasal cavities with the___below. | pharynx, larynx |
| Clusters of lymphatic tissue, that are part of the defensive system of the body. | tonsils |
| What are the 3 functions of the larynx? | to provide a patent airway, switching mechanism to route air & food into proper channels, voice production |
| What cartilages anchor the vocal cords internally? | arytenoid cartilages |
| What type of cartilage forms the epiglottis? | elastic |
| What type of cartilage forms the other 8 laryngeal cartilages? | hyaline |
| Explain the difference between the cartilages of the epiglottis and the remaining eight cartilages. | The epiglottis must be flexible to be able to flap over the glottis during swallowing, and the more rigid hyaline cartilages support the walls of the larynx. |
| What is the common name for the laryngeal prominence? | Adams Apple |
| Smallest respiratory passageways are | bronchioles |
| Separates the oral and nasal cavities | palate |
| Major nerve stimulating the diaphragm | phrenic nerve |
| Food passageway posterior to the trachea | esophagus |
| Closes off the larynx during swallowing | epiglottis |
| Windpipe | trachea |
| Actual site of gas exchange | alveoli |
| Pleural layer covering the thorax walls | parietal pleura |
| Autonomic nervous system nerve serving the thorax | vagus nerve |
| Lumen of the larynx | glottis |
| Fleshy lobes in the nasal cavity that increase its surface area | conchae |
| Close the glottis during the Valsalva maneuver | Vocal folds |
| Closes the nasopharynx during swallowing | Uvula |
| The cilia of its mucosa beat upward toward the larynx | trachea |
| What muscles control the length of the true vocal cords? | intrinsic laryngeal muscles |
| The tenser the vocal cords the ______pitch | higher |
| To produce deep tones, the glottis is____ | wider |
| The greater the force of air rushing past the vocal cords, the_____the sound produced. | louder |
| Inflammation of the vocal cords is called_____ | laryngitis |
| What important role is played by the cartilage rings that reinforce the trachea? | they prevent the trachea from collapsing during the pressure changes occurring during breathing |
| Of what importance is the fact that the cartilage rings are incomplete posteriorly? | Alllows the esophagus to expand anteriorly when we swallow food or fluids. |
| What occurs when the trachealis muscle contracts and in what activities might this action be very helpful? | it constricts the tracheal lumen, causing air to be expelled with more force- coughing, yelling. |
| With the exception of the stroma of the lungs, which is___tissue, the lungs are mostly air spaces. | elastic connective |
| The bulk of the alveolar walls are made up of squamous epithelial cells called___cells. | Type I |
| Structurally , the cells are well suited for their____function. | gas exchange |
| The cuboidal cells of the alveoli, called___cells, are much less numerous. | Type II |
| Type 2 cells produce a fluid that coats the air-exposed surface of the alveolus and contains a lipid-based molecule called_____. | Surfactant |
| Surfactant functions to____of the alveolar fluid. | Decrease the surface tension |
| The nutritive blood supply of the lungs is providing by the______arteries. | Bronchial |
Created by:
butterflee21
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