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68C Ch.9 Ph.1 T.4
Hole's Essentials of A&P Chapter 9: Nervous System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| axon | cylindrical nerve fiber that carries impulses away from a neuron cell |
| dendrite | BRANCHED nerve cell process that serves as main receptor surface of a neuron |
| ganglion | mass of neuron cell bodies, part of the PNS |
| synapse | junction between two neurons |
| Myelin sheath | Lipoprotein layer covers axons that insulate and protect. Function to increase the speed of conduction through neuron |
| Node of Ranvier | Narrow gaps in myelin sheath between Schwann cells |
| Nerve | cordlike bundle of peripheral axon/nerve fibers within layers of connective tissue |
| Neuron conduction (2 methods) | a.Saltatory conduction-nerve impulse jumps across gaps along length of axon b.Continuous conduction-travel entire length of axon |
| Synapse | junction between two communicating neurons, NOT in direct contact with each other. CHEMICAL=most common |
| Two factors that influence the rate of conduction of an impulse | 1.axon's diameter 2.presence/absence of myelin sheath |
| Reflex Arc | automatic subconscious responses to changes in/out of the body, synapse in the spinal cord, simplest of nerve pathways |
| General function of neurons | react to physical and chemical changes in surroundings |
| Common parts of the neuron (3) | Dendrite, axon, cell body |
| Sensory neurons | afferent neurons, transmit nerve impulses from peripheral body parts into the brain/spinal cord. Long dendrite, short axon |
| Interneurons | lie entirely within brain/spinal cord, link other neurons |
| Motor neurons | efferent neurons, multipolar, transmit impulses out of brain/spinal cord to effectors, long axon short dendrites |
| Schwann cells | myelin-producing neuroglia of the PNS |
| Neurons can be grouped in two main ways.. | Structural differences(bipolar,unipolar,multipolar) and functional differences(sensory,interneurons,motor neurons) |
| Cerebrum | largest portion of the brain associated with higher mental functions, interpretation of sensory input, initiating voluntary muscular movements |
| Cerebellum | coordinates muscular activity, integrates sensory information about position of body parts and coordinates skeletal muscle activity |
| 3 meninges | a.dura mater b.arachnoid c.pia mater |
| Choriod plexuses | specialized capillaries from the pia mater, secrete cerebrospinal fluid |
| Cerebrospinal fluid | cushions brain, decreases effective weight, clear/odorless, nutritive functions |
| Dura mater | outermost layer, tough, white fibrous connective tissue, highly vascular "tough mother" |
| Arachnoid | Thin web-like, avascular |
| Pia mater | thin delicate innermost layer, nerves and blood vessels |
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ajwildasin30
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