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AP $ Study Guide.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Section 1; Texas vs. Johnson? | Supreme Court sided with Johnson. |
| What did Johnson almost get convicted of? | Burning the American flag. |
| What was Johnson's argument for his case? | His freedom of speech. |
| What is the main argument with against our government? | Freedom of speech, since it can pretty much almost relate to everything. |
| The Constitution was made for what purpose? | To keep people from being in the wrong. |
| What kind of vote is needed for a law to be made? | 2/3rd vote from government. |
| When was the Declaration written? | 1776. |
| Thomas Paine wrote..? | "Common Sense" in January 1776. |
| French and Indian war ended? | 1763. |
| Couldn't have won the war without who? | Couldn't have won the war against Britain without France. |
| Section 2; When were the Articles adopted? | 1777. |
| When were the Articles enacted? | 1781. |
| What did people believe about the Articles? | People believed that the Articles of Confederation was a weak document and couldn't fully support a society. |
| The Articles established what? | A government dominated by the states. |
| Having the Articles helped them establish what document? | They knew what not to do in the Constitution because of the Articles. |
| One of the most important features in the Constitution? | The creation of a strong national government. |
| Most significant change? | Dramatic increase in democracy and liberty, atleast in white males. |
| With the Constitution, who else, besides rich landing owning men , would have power? | Regular people. |
| How does the poor add up with the rich? | For every rich person, there are 50 poor people. |
| Shay's Rebellion? | Series of attacks towards the rich, from the poor. |
| Section 3; How many people were involved in writing the Decleration? | 55 men. |
| What are haves & have nots? | Rich people were the haves, and the poor people were the have nots. |
| Factions? | Groups with the same interest. |
| Morris wanted to do what? | Shut out all of the property less people from the government. |
| What was the biggest factor? | Owning property. |
| Balanced government? | Required complex network of checks and balances, separation of powers. |
| Factions have enough power to do what? | Both minority and majority have enough power to overrun the other. |
| Madison thought..? | Being free included your opinions and thoughts. In other words, freedom of speech & freedom of religion. |
| Rich wants, poor wants? | Rich wants to keep, poor wants to take. |
| What are majority and minority factions? | Majority factions are groups of people who believe the same thing, but know very little. Minority factions are the ones who would seize the government if necessary. |
| Section 4; Main search is economy? | Money. |
| Constitution doesn't mention this? | Equality for slaves, or for the poor. |
| Problems of economy included? | Issues of economy, and individual rights. |
| New Jersey Plan and Virginia Plan? | Disagreed with eachother over representation. |
| Connecticut Compromise? | Wasn't the ideal compromise. |
| Citizens in less populated states had an advantage? | Less people to disagree, they had a greater say. |
| Framers? | Couldn't reach agreement on slavery. |
| Delegates made sure of what? | Constitution clearly spelled out the economic powers of Congress. |
| Delegates believed? | Their document was okay until it came to revise it. |
| Framers believed? | Human nature was already a part of our essential needs and that it was necessary to keep human nature in mind. |
| Section 5; Madisonian System? | insulated the government. |
| James Madison? | Key figure to writing the Constitution. |
| Why weren't factions of the minority that big of a deal? | Because the majority could easily outvote them. |
| Madison says? | Basically is men were angels, we would need no government or laws. |
| Madison's plans from then to now? | Have been edited and revised to barely even tell they were his. |
| Who is responsible for the majority? | House of Representatives. |
| Madison thought? | The government should have greater amounts of power. |
| Who nominates judges for Supreme Court? | The president. |
| How may years could judges serve? Senators? | Judges could serve for life, Senators could serve for 6 years. |
| Checks and Balances? | Main limited government power. |
| Judicial review? | Where the judicial branch checks on other branches. |
| Status quo? | The way things are. |
| Instead of direct democracy? | Created a solution ti establish a republic. |
| Founders of government? | Reason of divided government. |
| Saw federal system? | As an additional national government. |
| Congress can? | Impeach president. |
| The three branches do what? | Balance eachother out so none of them have more power than another. |
| President can? | Veto any law passed by Supreme Court. |
| Supreme Court can? | Declare laws unconstitutional and declare presidential acts unconstitutional. |
| The Congress? | Focuses on money, overturning vetoes, and impeachment. |
| Section 6; What seemed easy to the Constitution? | Adopting the states. |
| How many states had to approve? | 9 of 13. |
| Federalists? | Supported the constitution, and was against factions. |
| New York? | Wanted to ratify the Constitution. |
| Ratify means? | To approve. |
| Bill of Rights? | Considered unpatriotic. |
| Anti-Federalists? | Launched brilliant attacks on Washington. |
| Allay fears that the Constitution would? | Restrict personal freedom. |
| Not everyone wanted what? | A more sound and effective foundation. |
| Federalists didn't have support from who? | The majority factions. |
| Who loses most power from the Constitution? | The leaders in America. |
| First approval? | December 7th. 1787, from Delaware. |
| Last approval? | New Hampshire. |
| After the union was voted in, what happened? | Virginia and New York decided to join. |
| George Washington took office? | On april 30th, 1789 in New York city. |
| With Constitution ratified, they now had to what? | Select officeholders. |
| Vice president of George Washington? | John Adams. |
| Federalists papers were written to? | Convince Anti-Federalists to vote in the Constitution. |
| Why were the Anti-Federalists votes so important? | Because they made up half of the economy. |
| First Federalists Papers were? | Released in the newspapers on October 27th, 1787. |
| Section 7; Jefferson thinks? | Rights belong to those who fought for them. |
| To pass amendments? | 2/3rds vote from all states. |
| Article 5 was most important because? | It says you can change things. |
| Amendments being changed? | All but one amendment has been changed since they were made. |
| Amendments gave people? | More rights and freedom. |
| Not all states? | Agree on everything, there's always atleast one that doesn't agree. |
| Why do we amend the Constitution? | So the same things don't keep happening. |
| Nobody believed what would work? | The two party system. |
| Constitution arguments? | Disputes still arise on what the Constitution is really about. |
| What did the Supreme Court decide in 1896? | The Constitution allowed racial discrimination. |
| In 1973, what did the Supreme Court decide? | The Constitution protected women's right to an abortion, since it isn't mentioned. |
| What changed the electoral college votes? | The groups of parties. |
| America has been at war, what has happened? | President gains more power. |
| Commander in Chief? | Head of the entire army. |
| Legislative Branch? | Created the judicial bracn. |
| The USA Patriot Act happened? | After 911. |
| What is the USA Patriot Act? | Amount of surveillance the government can do. |
| America's Constitution? | Oldest Constitution in the world. |
| Oligarchy? | Ruled by few. |
| Electorate? | People who are eligible to vote. |
| Section 8; American society is specified as what? | One of the most democratic societies in the world. |
| Senate voted? | The Senate used to be voted in by the state representatives. |
| What age was voting eligibility dropped to? | The age of 18 because young adults were going to fight for their country but not getting to vote and they found it ridiculous. |
| Constitution helped create what? | The U.S. system of government and its political institutions and the rules for politics and policymaking. |
| People thought of the American government as? | "The rich, well-born, and able." |
| Since the Bill of Rights, how many constitutional amendments have been passed? | A total of 17. |
| Limit government is linked to what? | The Bill of Rights and related provisions in the Constitution. |
| Even if the president opposes the policies a particular group favors, what can Congress do? | Can help the group achieve it's policy goals. |
| Founders created what? | A system of policymaking in which it is difficult for the government to act. |
| What from the status quo are typical in the American politics? | Radical Departures. |
| Federalism; Unitary Government? | One leader, part of federal government. |
| Confederate Government? | Strong, state government. |
| Federal Government? | Shared. |
| Which government do most countries abide by? | The Unitary Government. |
| Powers divided between two or more levels of government are also known as? | A federal government. |
| Framers believed that? | The Articles were too weak to take care of a nation and everything that it needed. |
| The Framers didn't like the idea of what type of government? | Unitary Government. |
| Constitution gave what powers to which government? | Expressed powers to federal governments. |
| Expressed powers? | To say. |
| Implied powers? | Say it without actually saying it. |
| Implied powers make what branch stronger and better? | The Legislative branch. |
| Commerce means? | Business. |
| Elastic clause? | Necessary and proper. |
| Inherent powers? | Inherited. |
| United States is what kind of nation? | A sovereign nation. |
| Reserved powers? | All states have the same amount of power. |
| Prohibited powers? | Can't. They are ruled unconstitutional which means they can't change laws or break them. |
| Concurrent powers? | Ability to tax, borrow, and establish. |
| "The Cardinal Question"? | Drama between federalists and anti-federalists. Mean that the growth of government cannot be settled by one generation. |
| Mcculloch vs. Maryland? | Maryland tried to tax the federal bank that James McCulloch worked at, he appealed and won the case. |
| Civil War main fight? | Slavery because the northern and southern states couldn't agree on what to do. |
| Gibbons vs. Ogden? | 1824, Ogden was the only allowed to run a ferry on the Hudson River until Supreme Court allowed Gibbons to obtain a license and compete against Ogden. |
| Gibbons did what? | Appealed to U.S. Supreme Court because he thought what they were doing was unconstitutional. |
| Gibbons claimed what? | New York had taken his own rights away. |
| 1964 Act? | The Civil War Act, which forbids discrimination is public places. |
| Commerce clause? | Is a big deal, and could be anything. |
| Brown vs. Board of Education? | 1954, Supreme Court unanimously voted that segregation was unconstitutional. |
| What happened after the Supreme Court passed the segregation law in 1954? | The racial equality was still not measured with the white people's equality. |
| Dual Federalism is known as "Layer Cake" because? | Layercakes have icing that separate them from eachother. Dual Federalism separates federal and state. |
| Cooperative Federalism as known as "Marble Cake" because? | Marble Cake is mixed together and is equally the same. Fiscal federalism puts federal and state government together with equal powers. |
| Fiscal Federalism means what? | That you like spending money on things. |
| Why does the federal government give away money to the state government? | Because it earns more voters. |
| What is the catch with the federal government about giving money away? | They'll give you money, but they tell you what to do with it. |
| What is the least kind of grant? | A block grant which gives state broad discretion in how money will be spent. |
| Mandate says? | You have to be fair with money. |
| Mandate is what? | A rule telling states what they must do to go along with federal guidelines. |
| Unfunded mandate is? | When government tells you to do something but doesn't give you the resources or money to do so. |
| American Disability Act? | 1990's. |
| Mandate states? | That people cannot discriminate against people because of their race, sex, age, or ethnicity. |
| Incumbent? | Person already in office. |
| Two types of campaigns? | Nomination and election. |
| Nomination and election campaigns are? | Nomination-Getting nominated. Election-Who gets the job. |
| 3 big M's? | Money, Media, Momentum. |
| Delegate? | People who vote on the half of others. |
| EG stands for? | Electoral College. |
| McGovern-Fraser Commission? | Primaries for both parties. |
| Solution in democracy? | More democracy. |
| Campaign strategy? | Master game plan candidates use to get votes. |
| National Party Convention? | Meets every four years, Nominates the parties presidential and vice-presidential candidates. |
| Presidential primary? | Promoted to reform nominations. |
| Super delegates? | Extra votes, can vote how they want, never mattered. |
| Invisible primary? | Before actual primary. |
| Caucus? | System for selecting convention delegates used in a couple of states, open meeting to express their presidential preference. |
| Primaries? | Primaries are about personality. |
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kirahaven15
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