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085
Gastrointestinal System -Q – Anatomic Terms & A – Meaning
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| oral cavity | cavity that receives food for digestion |
| salivary glands | three pairs of exocrine glands in the mouth that secrete saliva: the parotid, the submandibular (submaxillary), and the sublingual glands |
| cheeks | lateral walls of the mouth |
| lips | fleshy structures surrounding the mouth |
| palate | structure that forms the roof of the mouth; divided into the hard palate and the soft palate |
| uvula | small projection hanging from the back middle edge of the soft palate |
| tongue | muscular structure of the floor of the mouth covered by mucous membrane and secured by a band-like membrane known as the frenulum |
| gums | tissue covering the processes of the jaws |
| teeth | hard bony projections in the jaws for masticating (chewing) food |
| pharynx | throat; passageway for food traveling to the esophagus and for air traveling to the larynx |
| esophagus | muscular tube that moves food from the pharynx to the stomach |
| stomach | sac-like organ that chemically mixes and prepares food received from the esophagus |
| cardiac sphincter | opening from the esophagus to the stomach (sphincter = band) |
| pyloric sphincter | opening from the stomach into the duodenum |
| small intestine | smaller tubular structure that digests food received from the stomach |
| duodenum | first portion of the small intestine |
| jejunum | second portion of the small intestine |
| ileum | third portion of the small intestine |
| large intestine | larger tubular structure that receives the liquid waste products of digestion, reabsorbs water and minerals, and forms and stores feces for defecation |
| cecum | first part of the large intestine |
| vermiform appendix | worm-like projection of lymphatic tissue hanging off the cecum with no digestive function; may help to resist infection (vermi = worm) |
| colon | portions of the large intestine extending from the cecum to the rectum; identified by direction or shape |
| ascending colon | portion of the colon that extends upward from the cecum |
| transverse colon | portion of the colon that extends across from the ascending cecum |
| descending colon | portion of the colon that extends downward from the transverse colon |
| sigmoid colon | portion of the colon (resembling an “S” in shape) that terminates at the rectum |
| rectum | distal (end) portion of the large intestine |
| rectal ampulla | dilated portion of the rectum just above the anal canal |
| anus | opening of the rectum to the outside of the body |
| feces | waste formed by the absorption of water in the large intestine; usually solid |
| defecation | evacuation of feces from the rectum |
| peritoneum | membrane surrounding the entire abdominal cavity and consisting of the parietal layer (lining the abdominal wall) and the visceral layer (covering each organ in the abdomen) |
| peritoneal cavity | space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum |
| omentum | an extension of the peritoneum attached to the stomach and connecting it with other abdominal organs |
| liver | organ in the upper right quadrant that produces bile, which is secreted into the duodenum during digestion |
| gallbladder | receptacle that stores and concentrates the bile produced in the liver |
| pancreas | gland that secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum, where it mixes with bile to digest food |
| biliary ducts | ducts that convey bile; include the hepatic, cystic, and common bile ducts |
Created by:
MT student1
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