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2.1-2.8 & federalsim
questions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what year was the declaration of independence written? | 1776 |
| When writing the declaration, where did the group of men meet? | Philadelphia |
| The U.S's attempt to overthrow was considered _________ | treasonous |
| What drove our forefathers to take such a risky and drastic action? | a set of compelling ideas |
| true or false: in the eighteenth century life was great for everyone | false |
| the taxes that the British parliament passed affected what? | newspapers, official documents, paper, glass, paint, and tea |
| how did we protest these acts? | the boston tea party |
| who was the primary writer of the declaration? | Thomas Jefferson |
| 27 of the 32 paragraphs in declaration were about what? | how the king had abused the colonies |
| why did they not also blame parliament? | they believed that the king only had the authority over the colonies |
| What did the colonists need to take on Britain? | foreign assistance |
| who was john locke? | one of the most influential philosophers read by the colonists |
| what was locke's foundation in which he built his political beliefs? | natural rights |
| locke also believed in what? | consent of the governed and limited government |
| many of lockes beliefs were found in what? | the declaration of independence |
| the American revolution was the only revolution w/out a _____ | dictator |
| true or false: no government had ever been based off of these type of principles | true |
| did declaring independence win the revolution? | no |
| who had more military power? | Britain |
| when was the revolution won and who won? | 1783 and the americans |
| what was the name of Americas first constitution? | The Articles of Confederation |
| what happened to these articles? | they failed |
| what was a confederation? | a league of friendship and perpetual union |
| these articles consisted of a _______ ______ ____ ___ _____ | national legislature with one house |
| how many delegates could be sent to this place? | up to seven as few as two |
| this government consisted of what? | no president and no national court |
| at one point during the war some of washingtons troops threatened to do what? | create a monarchy with him as king unless congress paid their overdue wages |
| congress had little power outside of maintaining what? | the army and navy |
| true or false: congress had the power to tax? | false |
| did congress disband the army? | yes |
| the weakness of the government did what? | prevented it from dealing with the hard times that the new nation faced |
| there was a dramatic increase in democracy and liberty for what group of people? | white males |
| expanded political participation did what? | brought new powers to the middle class |
| what was at the top of political agendas? | economic issues |
| policies favoring debtors over creditors did not please who? | the economic elite |
| what was shays rebellion? | a series of armed attacks on courthouses |
| what was the reason for these attacks? | to keep judges from foreclosing on farms |
| where did these attacks take place and when? | in Massachusetts and in 1786 |
| in September 1776 what meeting was aborted? | the Annapolis meeting |
| what five states showed up? | new York, new jersey, Delaware, Pennsylvania, and Virginia |
| why were the representatives called to the first continental congress | to take into consideration the situation of the united states |
| they were ordered to meet for what? | the sole and express purpose of revising the articles |
| why were these men chosen? | they were an elite group of economic and political nobles |
| what were the first two weeks of the convention dedicated to? | to discuss general debates about the nature of a republican government |
| what were the four things that all the delegates agreed on? | human nature, the causes of political conflict, the objects of government, and the nature of a republican government |
| what was human nature referred to as? | selfish |
| Who once argued that mans natural state was war and that a strong absolute ruler was necessary to restrain mans bestial tendancies | Thomas Hobbes |
| w/out a strong government hobbes wrote that life would be what? | solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short |
| who said this, "the most common and durable source of factions has been the various and unequal distribution of property" | James Madison |
| What are the two types of democracy? | direct and republic |
| factions are also known as what? | parties or interest groups |
| a majority faction could consist of what? | people who have little or no property |
| what were checks and balances made to do? | keep factions down |
| the government felt that a majority faction could? | eventually tyrannize the others |
| gouverneur morris of Pennsylvania believed that the preservation of property was? | the "principal object of government" |
| the delegates believed what? | that power should be set against power so that no one faction would overwhelm the others |
| true or false: the secret to a good government was believed to be a balanced government | true |
| what French aristocrat advocated separate branches of government? | Baron Montesquieu |
| a balanced government required what? | a complex networks of checks, balances, and separation of powers |
| a limited government would have to do what? | contain checks on its own power |
| What did the delegates in Philadelphia want to do? | they wanted to design a government that was consistent with their political philosophy |
| what issues were facing the fledging nation? | issues of equality, the economy, and individual rights |
| which document states that all men are equal? | the declaration of independence |
| what issues consumed most of the time in Philadelphia | whether the states were to be equally represented, what to do about slavery, and whether to ensure equality in voting |
| what three plans were composed to solve the problem of equality in congress? | New Jersey plan, Virginia plan, and the Connecticut Compromise |
| What was the Connecticut Compromise? | It gave each of the other two plans what they wanted |
| the Connecticut compromise was also known as what? | the great compromise |
| how was the idea of slavery solved? | with the three/fifths compromise |
| what did the three/fifths compromise do? | when it came to counting population all slaves were counted for as three/fifths of a person |
| true or false: equality in voting was left to the states | true |
| what was a tariff? | a tax |
| what were three big economic issues? | taxes against products from other states, paper money was virtually worthless, and congress was having trouble raising money because the economy was in a reccession |
| true or false: the constitution did not clearly spell out the economic power of congress | false |
| congress was to be the _____ economic policy maker | chief |
| how were property rights protected? | by punishing counterfeits and pirates, ensuring patents and copyrights, and legislating rules for bankruptcy |
| congress had the new ability to do what? | regulate interstate and foreign commerce |
| to help the states, the national government guaranteed them what? | a republican form of government |
| what is one main point about personal freedoms that the constitutions makes | the writs of habeas corpus |
| when it came time to ratify the constitution there was a? | widespread of criticism |
| what was the reason for this criticism? | absence of specific protections of individual rights |
| the Madisonian Government was? | insulated government |
| James Madison hated what? | factions |
| minority factions were? | easy to handle |
| majority factions were? | harder to handle |
| James Madison is referred to as the what? | father of the constitution |
| how did Madison plan to prevent the tyranny of the majority? | place as much government as possible beyond direct control of the gov, separate powers of different institutions, and construct a system of checks and balances |
| our government is a democracy but what specific type. | republic |
| how long are senators terms? | 6 years |
| how long are supreme court terms? | a lifetime term |
| how long are representative terms? | 2 years |
| why were checks and balances created? | to set power against power to constrain government actions |
| how does the executive branch affect the judicial branch | they appoint the supreme court justices |
| how does the judicial branch affect the legislative branch? | they can declare laws unconstitutional |
| how does the legislative branch affect the executive branch? | controls money, impeaches, and can overturn vetos |
| how does the legislative branch affect the judicial branch? | can impeach and confirm president nominations |
| how does the judicial branch affect the executive branch? | can declare presidential acts as unconstitutional |
| how does the executive branch affect the legislative branch? | can veto congressional legislation |
| what can the judicial review do? | they can rule other branches unconstitutional |
| a republic system was based off what? | the consent of the governed |
| establishing a federal system was needed to do what? | keep power divided between national and individual states |
| federalists supported what? | they supported the constitution |
| true or false: anti-federalists did not support the constitution | true |
| what were the beliefs of the federalist papers? | for the constitution and against factions |
| who wrote the federalist papers | James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay |
| why were some states against the constitution? | the constitution did not have a list of personal freedoms which they believed was needed |
| how long did it take to ratify the constitution? | nearly three years |
| most anti-federalists were? | small farmers, shoekeepers, and laborers |
| most federalists were? | large landowners, wealthy merchants, and professionals |
| anti federalists preferred what? | strong state & weak national government, direct election of officials, shorter terms, rule by common man, strengthened protections for individual liberties |
| federalists preferred what? | weaker state & stronger national governments, indirect election of officials, longer terms, government by the elite, and expected few violations of individual liberties |
| true or false: federalists did have the majority vote | false |
| debtors favored what type of money? | paper money |
| what did the bill of rights contain? | lists of personal freedoms & liberties |
| true or false: anti-federalists were unpatriotic | false |
| the bill of rights contains five categories and they are? | protection of free expression, protection of personal beliefs, protection of privacy, protection of defendants' rights, and protection rights |
| Delaware was the first to approve of what? | the bill of rights |
| George Washington became the first president in? | April 30, 1789 |
| John Adams became what? | the vice president |
| the bill of rights took how long to ratify? | 6 months |
| true or false: Washington dc has always been the nations capital | false |
| the constitution is referred to as? | the "living document" |
| why is the constitution referred to as a living document? | because it is always being changed and revised |
| what are the two types of constitutional changes? | formal and informal process |
| what is the formal process | changing the letter of the constitution |
| what is the informal process | changing an unwritten body of tradition, practice, and procedure related to the constitution |
| what are the two stages to the amendment process | proposal and ratification |
| what is needed to get an amendment proposed | two-thirds approval |
| what is needed to ratify an amendment | three-fourths approval |
| true or false: the president has no formal role in amending the constitution | true |
| where are the two places that either amendment process can happen? | congress or a national convention |
| true or false: when using congress to propose an amendment, all times except for one has the state legislatures been used | true |
| the most important effect of the amendments has been to make the constitution more what? | democratic and egalitarian |
| what is the era | the Equal Rights Amendment |
| the era movement focused on mostly what? | equality of genders |
| the era was not successfully passed, why? | because many southern conservative states were not for it |
| parties are also known as? | factions |
| the president controls what? | foreign communication |
| true or false: the constitution does specifically state what the government is supposed to do? | false |
| the party system had developed by? | the 1800's |
| what was the name of the famous supreme court in 1803 | Madison vs Marbury |
| the constitution amendments are never? | equal |
| members of the 18th century upper-class society generally? | despised democratic government |
| the American government was intended to be what? | rich, well born, and able |
| who said this? "the people who own the government ought to govern it" | John Jay |
| one of the central themes of American history is? | the gradual democratization of the constitution |
| how do office holders communicate directly with the public now days? | television, radio, and targeted mailings |
| technology also enables officials to? | stay apprised of citizens' opinions on important issues |
| the constitution created the? | us system of government |
| many of the rules in this system restrict what? | government action, protecting liberty, and opening the system to a broad range of participants |
| the expansion of voting rights has moved the American political system away from what? | the elitist model of democracy |
| true or false: even with the limits on government , the potential range for the is quite wide. | true |
| true or false: checks and balances and separation of powers do not affect our government | false |
| if the president, congress, and the courts were to all pull in different directions what could happen? | policy gridlock |
| the system of separation of powers and checks and balances allows almost all political groups to? | have some place in the political system |
| what is an oligarchy | government run by few |
| What did the constitution say about voting? | it offered no guide lines on voter eligibility |
| the constitution can be referred to as? | undemocratic or even anti-democratic |
| true or false: we have more voting rights now than back in the day | true |
| what is an unitary government? | a centralized government in which all power is vested in a central government |
| which of the three types of government is used mostly today? | unitary |
| what is a confederate government? | a decentralized system of government in which a weak central government has limited power over the states |
| a confederate government has? | strong states |
| the united states began as what of type of government? | confederacy |
| what is a federal government? | a system of government in which the powers are divided between central government and regional government |
| the united states is now what type of government? | federal government |
| why did the united states change from a confederate gov to a federal one? | because a confederation proved to be too weak |
| why was the unitary system ruled out? | because that's what they had just gotten out of a didn't want |
| the federal system was chosen because? | it provided balance |
| what are expressed powers? | powers specifically given to the national government by the constitution |
| 3 key expressed powers are? | the power to regulate interstate and foreign commerce, the power to tax and spend, and the war power |
| what are implied powers? | not expressly stated in the constitution |
| where are implied powers derived from in the constitution? | Article 1, section 8, clause 18 also known as the necessary clause |
| the necessary and proper clause enabled what? | the national government to meet problems the framers could not anticipate |
| what are inherent powers? | powers derived from the fact that the united states are a sovereign nation |
| who are reserved powers held by? | state governments |
| what are some reserved powers? | creating public schools and police powers |
| what are concurrent powers? | they are held by the state and national gov |
| what is the case MCulloch vs Maryland case about? | whether or not Maryland could tax a national bank |
| why could Maryland not tax the bank? | it violated the rights of supremacy |
| what is supremacy? | national>>>>>>state |
| what was the court case Brown vs Board about? | whether the school had the right to segregate the children |
| what is dual federalism? | a government system in which the national and state governments remain supreme within their own spheres |
| dual federalism is sometimes referred to as? | "layer cake" federalism |
| what is cooperative federalism? | the national and state governments work together to complete projects. also referred to as "marble cake" federalism |
| fiscal federalism strengthens the power of governments by? | referring to the pattern of spending, taxing, and providing grants in the federal system |
| what are the two types of grants? | categorical and block grants |
| what are mandates? | a rule telling states what they must do to comply with federal guidelines |
| an example of a mandate would be? | discriminating against race, gender, and ethnicity |
| what is an unfunded mandate? | requires state and local governments to provide services w/out providing resources for these services |
| what was the handicapped childrens protection act? | required public schools to build access ramps and provide special buses, but the act did not provide federal funds to pay for these additions |
| what is devolution? | refers to a movement to transfer responsibilities of governing from the federal government to state and local governments |
| what was the Welfare Reform Act of 1996? | it gave the states the money to run their own welfare programs. |
| What are some advantages of federalism? | promotes diverse policies that encourage experimentation & creative ideas |
| what is a disadvantage of federalism? | enables local interests to delay or even thwart majority support for a policy |
| true or false: keeping the government close to the people by increasing opportunities for political participation is an advantage | true |
| what is a categorical grants? | made for specific, carefully defined purposes? |
| what is a block grant? | made for a broadly defined purpose |
| what is an example of a categorical grant? | money spent to build interstate highways |
| what is an example of a block grant? | money used for homeland security |
| what is an example of dual federalism? | the national government is in charge of foreign policy, while the states have exclusive responsibility for public schools |
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