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Compatative anatomy
Vertebrate teminology
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Anatomy | study of structure |
morphology | structure and function. what is it like? how does it work? why important? |
What to compare | historical evolutionary origins, functional adaptations, embryology, relationships between size and function. |
history of anatomy | cave paintings, Egyptians- mummification process, Aristotle(father of anatomy) |
Galen | 200 AD. First writings. leads to a long period of time of unchanged views of anatomy. |
Vesalius | 1530 AD. more detailed drawings. showed differences |
assumptions in comparative anatomy | 1.continuity of structure derived from previously existing structures.2.adaptation and constraints.3.common ancestry-no living forms evolved from other presently living forms.4.competition-derives differences, more competition=more differences |
vestigial structures | reduced, not used, may be gone. ex-appendix |
phylogeny | evolutionary tree.hypothesis about evolutionary relationships. |
synapomorphy | homolgies. shared derived characteristics used in constructing a phylogeny |
derived | more recent development |
homology | features in 2 more more organisms derived from common ancestors;common ancestry. |
analogy | features of 2 or more organisms that perform a similar function;common function.ex-bird wings,butterfly wings |
homoplasy | features in 2 or more organisms that look alike;similar in appearance. superficial function.ex-leaf insect,actual leaf |
primitive is not simple | old vs.complexity.can be primitive and complex |
specialized structures | ex;apposible thumbs vs.humerous.more intuned with particular purpose |
unspecialized structure | more general purpose. looks similar in many species. more homologous. |
fossils | bones.eggs-idea of size of nests.skin impressions-outercoverings of species.muscle attachments-know how animal moved.foot prints-animal behavior.position-how they became fossilized.stratigraphy-find index fossils |