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066
Endocrine System - Q – Diagnostic Terms & A – Meaning
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cushing syndrome | a collection of signs and symptoms caused by an excessive level of cortisol hormone; may be due to excessive production by the adrenal gland (often because of a tumor), or, more commonly, occurs as a side effect of treatment with glucocorticoid (steroid) |
| adrenal virilism | excessive output of the adrenal secretion of androgen (male sex hormone) in adult women caused by a tumor or hyperplasia; evidenced by amenorrhea (absence of menstruation), acne, hirsutism, and deepening of the voice (virilis = masculine) |
| Pancreas | 0 |
| diabetes mellitus (DM) | metabolic disorder caused by the absence or insufficient production of insulin secreted by the pancreas, resulting in hyperglycemia and glucosuria (diabetes = passing through; mellitus = sugar) |
| type 1 diabetes mellitus | diabetes in which no beta-cell production of insulin occurs and the patient is dependent on insulin for survival |
| type 2 diabetes mellitus | diabetes in which either the body produces insufficient insulin or insulin resistance (a defective use of the insulin that is produced) occurs; the patient usually is not dependent on insulin for survival |
| hyperinsulinism | a condition resulting from an excessive amount of insulin in the blood that draws sugar out of the bloodstream, resulting in hypoglycemia, fainting, and convulsions; often caused by an overdose of insulin or by a tumor of the pancreas |
| pancreatitis | inflammation of the pancreas |
| Parathyroid Glands | 0 |
| hyperparathyroidism | hypersecretion of the parathyroid glands, usually caused by a tumor |
| hypoparathyroidism | hyposecretion of the parathyroid glands |
| acromegaly | disease characterized by enlarged features, especially of the face and hands, caused by hypersecretion of the pituitary growth hormone after puberty, when normal bone growth has stopped; most often caused by a pituitary tumor |
| ak-rō-meg′ă-lē | 0 |
| pituitary dwarfism (Fig. 9-5) | a condition of congenital hyposecretion of growth hormone that slows growth and causes short, yet proportionate, stature (not affecting intelligence); often treated during childhood with growth hormone; other forms of dwarfism are most often caused by gen |
| pi-tū′i-tār-ē dwōrf′izm | 0 |
| pituitary gigantism | a condition of hypersecretion of growth hormone during childhood bone development that leads to an abnormal overgrowth of bone, especially of the long bones; most often caused by a pituitary tumor |
| goiter | enlargement of the thyroid gland caused by thyroid dysfunction, tumor, lack of iodine in the diet, or inflammation (goiter = throat) |
| hyperthyroidism | a condition of hypersecretion of the thyroid gland characterized by nervousness, weight loss, rapid pulse, protrusion of the eyeball (exophthalmos), goiter, etc.; see Comparison of Symptoms in table on page 457 |
| Graves disease | the most common form of hyperthyroidism; caused by an autoimmune defect that creates antibodies that stimulate the overproduction of thyroid hormones; exophthalmos is a featured characteristic |
| hypothyroidism | a condition of hyposecretion of the thyroid gland causing low thyroid levels in the blood that result in sluggishness, slow pulse, and, often, obesity; see Comparison of Symptoms in table on page 457 |
| myxedema | advanced hypothyroidism in adults characterized by sluggishness, slow pulse, puffiness in the hands and face, and dry skin (myx = mucus) |
| cretinism | condition of congenital hypothyroidism in children that results in a lack of mental development and dwarfed physical stature; the thyroid gland is either congenitally absent or imperfectly developed |
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MT student1
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