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064
Endocrine System - Q – Anatomic Terms & A – Meaning
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| adrenal glands | located on the superior surface of each kidney; the adrenal cortex secretes steroid hormones, and the adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine |
| steroid hormones | hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex |
| glucocorticoids | regulate carbohydrate metabolism and have antiinflammatory effects; cortisol is the most significant glucocorticoid |
| mineral corticosteroids | maintain salt and water balance |
| androgens | influence development and maintenance of male sex characteristics, for example, facial hair, deep voice |
| catecholamines | hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla that affect the sympathetic nervous system in stress response |
| epinephrine | secreted in response to fear or physical injury |
| norepinephrine | secreted in response to hypotension and physical stress |
| ovaries | located on both sides of the uterus in the female pelvis; secrete estrogen and progesterone |
| estrogen | responsible for the development of female secondary sex characteristics |
| progesterone | regulates uterine conditions during pregnancy |
| islets of Langerhans of the pancreas | endocrine tissue within the pancreas (the organ located behind the stomach, in front of the 1st and 2nd lumbar vertebrae); secretes insulin and glucagon |
| insulin | a hormone secreted by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans that is responsible for regulating the metabolism of glucose (insulin = island) |
| glucagon | a hormone secreted by the alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans that serves to regulate carbohydrate metabolism by raising blood sugar |
| glū′kă-gon | 0 |
| parathyroid glands | two paired glands located on the posterior aspect of the thyroid gland in the neck; secrete parathyroid hormone |
| parathyroid hormone (PTH) | regulates calcium and phosphorus metabolism |
| pineal gland | located in the center of the brain; secretes melatonin and serotonin |
| melatonin | exact function unknown; affects the onset of puberty |
| serotonin | a neurotransmitter that serves as the precursor to melatonin |
| pituitary gland | located at the base of the brain; considered the master gland as it secretes hormones that regulate the function of other glands, such as the thyroid gland, adrenal glands, ovaries, and testicles; the anterior pituitary secretes thyroid-stimulating hormon |
| anterior pituitary | anterior lobe of the pituitary gland |
| thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) | stimulates secretion from thyroid gland |
| adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) | stimulates secretion from adrenal cortex |
| follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) | initiates the growth of ovarian follicle; stimulates the secretion of estrogen in females and the production of sperm in males |
| luteinizing hormone (LH) | causes ovulation; stimulates the secretion of progesterone by the corpus luteum; causes the secretion of testosterone in the testes |
| melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) | affects skin pigmentation |
| growth hormone (GH) | influences growth |
| prolactin | stimulates breast development and milk production during pregnancy |
| posterior pituitary | posterior lobe of the pituitary gland |
| antidiuretic hormone (ADH) | influences the absorption of water by kidney tubules |
| oxytocin | influences uterine contraction |
| testes | located on both sides within the scrotum in the male; secrete testosterone |
| testosterone | affects masculinization and reproduction |
| thymus gland | located in the mediastinal cavity anterior to and above the heart; secretes thymosin |
| thymosin | regulates immune response |
| thyroid gland | located in front of the neck; secretes triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and calcitonin |
| triiodothyronine (T3) | known as the thyroid hormones; regulate metabolism |
| calcitonin | regulates calcium and phosphorus metabolism |
Created by:
MT student1
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