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2AX5X Vol 2 Unit 3
111 Self Test Questions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define matter. | Any substance that occupies space and has weight. |
| Since liquids and gases have many properties in common, how are they frequently classified? | As fluids. |
| All matter is made up of what? | Molecules. |
| Which matter has the property of resisting changes in shape when a force is applied? | Solid. |
| When sufficient force to a solid causes distortion, the solid is said to have exceeded what? | Its elastic limit. |
| Which factors affect the amount of expansion and contraction of a solid? | The amount of temperature change and the expansion characteristics of the solid. |
| What are the most outstanding characteristics of a liquid? | Its ability to conform to the shape of its containing vessel and that it has a free surface. |
| For a liquid to transmit a pushing force, what condition must exist first? | It must be completely enclosed in a container. |
| What would cause a cylinder of air to increase in pressure when placed in the sun? | The air (gas) expands as its temperature increases, and since it is confined by the cylinder, its pressure will increase |
| What is one of the main differences in the characteristics of gases when compared to liquids? | Gases are compressible while liquids are not |
| The measurement of a surface expressed in square inches | Area |
| The amount of push or pull exerted on an object expressed in pounds | Force |
| The amount of force acting on a unit of area expressed in psi | Pressure |
| A substance that is a liquid or a gas | Fluid |
| A measure of quantity expressed in cubic inches | Volume |
| The amount of distance an object moved expressed in inches | Stroke |
| The movement of a fluid cause by pressure difference | Flow |
| State the basic principle of Pascal's Law. | When a fluid is confined and force is applied, this force (pressure) is transmitted equally to all points in the system |
| Under what conditions does Pascal's Law not apply to fluids? | Pascal's Law does not apply to fluids in motion |
| State the basic principle of Boyle's Law. | If the pressure on a confined gas varies, its volume will vary inversely in the same proportion as long as the temperature does not change |
| Using Charles's Law, explain the effect of heating a gas in a cylinder that has a movable piston. | Heating a confined gas will cause an expansion (volume increase) in direct proportion to its temperature change, thus causing the piston to move |
| What is another name for the Boyle's-Charles's law? | General Gas Law |
| How is force calculated? | (F)orce = (P)ressure x (A)rea |
| What is the mechanical advantage ratio if a 60-pound force is used to raise a 240-pound weight? | 4:01 |
| What is the mechanical advantage ratio if a 3-pound force used to raise 99 pounds? | 33:01 |
| A 150-pound weight is placed on a 10-square-inch piston and is then lifted by a force applied to a 2-square-inch piston. What force is required on the small piston, and what is the mechanical advantage? | 30 pounds of force, 5:1 |
| A 20-pound force on a 3-square-inch piston can lift how much weight on a 12-square-inch piston? What is the mechanical advantage? | 80 pounds weight, 4:1 |
| What is the pressure (psi) on a surface 12 square inches in area and supporting a weight of 216 pounds? | 18 psi |
| How far will an 8-square-inch piston move if a 2-square-inch piston moves 8 inches? | 2 inches |
| What characteristic of a fluid determines its resistance to flow? | Viscosity |
| What effect does an orifice have on fluid-flow when compared to a venturi? | An orifice will cause more turbulence and thus more energy loss than a venturi because it is not streamlined |
| How can resistance to flow be reduced? | By streamlining the flow |
| What pressure difference can be observed during fluid-flow through a venturi? | There is a pressure drop at the narrow opening (throat) of a venturi as the rate of flow of the fluid increases at this point The pressure will increase again after passing through the throat |
| How much fluid should a reservoir hold? | Enough fluid to supply the normal operating needs of the system, along with an additional amount to replace fluid lost through minor leakage |
| Why do non-pressurized reservoirs have space above the fluid? | To allow the fluid to purge itself of air bubbles that are picked up from the system |
| What prevents foreign material from entering the reservoir during servicing? | A wire screen |
| What are the two main reasons for pressurizing a reservoir? | First, it stops the fluid from foaming at high altitudes; second, it ensures a positive supply of fluid to the pumps. |
| How do you service a pressurized hydraulic reservoir with fluid? | Use a portable servicing cart. |
| What unit in the pressurized hydraulic reservoir pressurizes the hydraulic fluid to 5 psi? | A piston spring |
| To service or perform maintenance on an air-pressurized reservoir, what is the first thing you must do? | Depressurize the reservoir |
| Name three functions of the air-pressurized reservoir pressure regulator. | It regulates the pressure to the reservoir, acts like a relief valve, and has a differential valve to allow equalization of pressures between outside air and air inside the reservoir |
| How are pumps classified? | By their displacement (volume) output |
| What two purposes does the hand pump serve? | It can be used as an emergency source of pressure or as an auxiliary source of pressure for ground-checking the operation of the system units |
| When the hand pump handle is on the retraction stroke, which check valve is closed? | The inlet check valve |
| What indicates that either check valve inside the hand pump has malfunctioned? | The hand pump will become completely inoperative |
| If a third check valve is installed, what could be the problem if fluid is only sent into the system on the extension stroke? | The inlet check valve is malfunctioning |
| What is a drawback of a constant-volume pump? | As long as the pump rotates, the fluid-flow it produces will eventually build up pressure high enough in the confined area to burst the lines and container |
| What is the thinned portion on the drive shaft of a gear-type pump called? | Shear section |
| On a vane-type pump, what keeps the vanes against the housing wall? | Springs |
| In the constant-volume piston pump, what drives the cylinder block? | Universal link |
| Why does a constant-volume piston pump always have a constant intake and output of fluid? | There are always pistons somewhere between the upper and lower position |
| What does the suction boost pump do for engine-driven pumps? | Ensures the engine pumps get an adequate supply of fluid |
| What regulates pressure in a variable-volume pump? | An integral flow control valve (compensator) |
| What is the main difference between a Vickers stroke-reduction pump and a constant-volume pump? | The angle between the drive shaft and the cylinder block |
| What position is the Vickers pump's cylinder block and yoke in when the system is at 0 psi? | The extreme angle position, full flow |
| Do the pistons have a stroke when the Vickers pump reaches the zero flow point? | No |
| What are the two major component groups of the Kellogg pump? | The rotating group and the pressure-compensating group |
| What determines the length of the Kellogg pump's piston stroke? | The angle setting of the cam plate |
| What is the purpose of the creep plates in Stratopower pumps? | Cooler operation |
| Describe the pistons of the Stratopower pump. | The pistons have fairly large hollow centers connected with cross-drilled holes |
| Which way would you turn the adjusting screw on the Stratopower pump to increase pressure? | Clockwise |
| What is the purpose of a hydraulic motor? | To convert hydraulic pressure into rotary mechanical motion |
| What can be used to control the speed of a hydraulic motor? | Flow control valve |
| Explain the principle of a jackscrew. | The screw remains stationary and the nut turns |
| What is the purpose of an accumulator in a hydraulic system? | To store a volume of fluid under pressure, provide space for thermal expansion, and act as a cushion against pressure surges. |
| What is the most common type of accumulator used? | Cylindrical type |
| Which accumulator has a drilled passageway in the piston for lubrication? | Piston |
| Where is the air-servicing valve located on the piston accumulator? | At the bottom of the accumulator |
| What is the piston accumulator is serviced with? | Dry air or nitrogen |
| Which accumulator has four separate chambers? | Self-displacing accumulator |
| What is the only moving part of a self-displacing accumulator? | The piston |
| In the self-displacing accumulator system, where is the relief valve located? | Between the pressure line and return line |
| What are the three basic parts of a filter assembly? | Head, element, and bowl |
| Which part of the filter assembly is mounted to the aircraft? | Head |
| What does micron rating mean? | The amount of dirt or contaminates that can be filtered out |
| What are the two ways fluids can usually flow through a filter assembly? | Normal flow and bypass flow |
| How are hydraulic manifolds designed? | To conserve space in the aircraft and permit ease of removing and replacing components |
| Why is it physically impossible to install the wrong valve in a manifold? | Alignment pins make it physically impossible to install the wrong valve |
| What is the purpose of an actuating cylinder? | To transform fluid pressure into a mechanical force |
| Brakes use what type of actuator? | Single-acting |
| Commonly used on cargo door ramps and landing gear, this actuator is used when more force is required to move an object one way more than the other | Double-acting unbalanced |
| What actuator has a piston rod that extends through both ends of the cylinder and is most commonly used on nose wheel steering? | Double-acting balanced |
| Which actuator is commonly used on FLCS's to ensure operation by connecting to two separate hydraulic systems? | Tandem acting |
| What does tandem mean? | One behind the other |
| How many pistons are in a tandem actuator? | Two |
| What is the purpose of the internal snubber actuator? | To reduce damage to mechanisms by preventing the actuator from slamming into its end of travel with great force |
| Where is the main system relief valve normally installed in a hydraulic system? | Between the pressure and return lines |
| What is the purpose of a selector valve? | To control and direct the flow of hydraulic fluid |
| What is the advantage of a slide selector valve over the poppet type? | Its ability to meter fluid |
| What is the purpose of a check valve? | To allow free flow in one direction and no flow in the other direction |
| What are the different types of automatic check valves? | Ball, cone, and flapper (gate) types |
| Which type of check valve is used primarily in low-pressure systems, such as the air pressurized reservoir system? | Flapper check valve |
| What order of events do sequence valves set? | Branches of hydraulic circuit |
| What is the purpose of the pressure regulator besides maintaining pressure within a predetermined range? | Permit the pump to turn without resistance |
| What component is used in systems to limit the speed of movement of such items as wing flaps and landing gear? | Restrictors |
| Where is a restrictor check valve usually installed? | In the alternating line that carries fluid from the cylinder |
| What names are commonly used for the manually operated shutoff valves? | Globe and needle |
| What are the parts of a motor-operated shutoff valve? | An electric motor, a slide, valve body, limit switches, and an indicator |
| What is installed in the hydraulic system to prevent total fluid loss? | A hydraulic fuse |
| How is internal leakage of a shuttle valve usually repaired? | By removing the unit and flushing it with clean hydraulic fluid |
| What is another name for the supply section of a basic hydraulic system? | Suction manifold |
| Which section of a basic hydraulic system contains all the lines and units starting with the pump to the selector valve? | The pressure manifold |
| What are the four units of a hand pump system? | A reservoir, hand pump, actuator, and a manual shutoff valve |
| How much pressure is required to lift 2,300 pounds using an actuator with 2 square inches of working area? | 1,150 psi |
| What would happen to a constant-volume pump hydraulic system if there were no relief valves? | The pressure would build up to the point where the tubing would rupture or damage system units |
| In order to properly design a hydraulic system, what must be considered? | The pressure needed to operate the system |
| What is the disadvantage of a constant-volume pump hydraulic system, which has a relief valve but does not have any components to relieve the pump's workload? | After a few hours of constant load, the pump would probably fail |
| What pressure does the pressure regulator and pressure switch maintain? | The pressure between two designed pressure limits |
| Where does fluid-flow go when a regulator is kicked out? | Returns to the reservoir through the regulator bypass |
| What does the term "operating range" mean? | The difference between the two design limits |
| What is the main purpose of the accumulator in the regulator or pressure switch controlled system? | Prevent rapid loss of pressure due to fluid leaks in the return lines, which would cause continuous kick in and kick out |
Created by:
Fah_Q
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