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049
Respiratory System - Q – Diagnostic terms & A – Meaning
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| asthma | panting; obstructive pulmonary disease caused by a spasm of the bronchial tubes or by swelling of the mucous membrane; characterized by paroxysmal (sudden, periodic) attacks of wheezing, dyspnea, and cough |
| atelectasis | collapse of lung tissue (alveoli) (atele = imperfect; -ectasis = expansion or dilation) |
| bronchiectasis | abnormal dilation of the bronchi with accumulation of mucus |
| bronchitis | inflammation of the bronchi |
| bronchogenic carcinoma | lung cancer; cancer originating in the bronchi |
| bronchospasm | constriction of bronchi caused by spasm (involuntary contraction) of the peribronchial smooth muscle |
| emphysema | obstructive pulmonary disease characterized by overexpansion of the alveoli with air and destructive changes in their walls, resulting in loss of lung elasticity and gas exchange (emphysan = to inflate) |
| chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | permanent, destructive pulmonary disorder that is a combination of chronic bronchitis and emphysema |
| cystic fibrosis | inherited condition of exocrine gland malfunction causing secretion of abnormally thick, viscous (sticky) mucus that obstructs passageways within the body, commonly affecting the lungs and digestive tract; mucus that obstructs the airways leads to infecti |
| laryngitis | inflammation of the larynx |
| laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB) | inflammation of the upper airways with swelling; creates a funnel-shaped elongation of tissue causing a distinct “seal bark” cough |
| laryngospasm | spasm of the laryngeal muscles, causing a constriction |
| nasal polyposis | presence of numerous polyps in the nose (a polyp is a tumor on a stalk) |
| pharyngitis | inflammation of the pharynx |
| pleural effusion | accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity |
| empyema | accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity |
| hemothorax | blood in the pleural cavity |
| pleuritis | inflammation of the pleura |
| pneumoconiosis | chronic restrictive pulmonary disease resulting from prolonged inhalation of fine dusts, such as coal, asbestos (asbestosis), or silicone (silicosis) (conio = dust) |
| pneumonia | inflammation in the lung resulting from infection by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites or from aspiration of chemicals |
| Pneumocystis pneumonia | pneumonia caused by the Pneumocystis carinii organism, a common opportunistic infection in those who are positive for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) |
| pneumothorax | air in the pleural cavity caused by a puncture of the lung or chest wall |
| pneumohemothorax | air and blood in the pleural cavity |
| pneumonitis | inflammation of the lung, often caused by hypersensitivity to chemicals or dusts |
| pulmonary embolism (PE) | occlusion in the pulmonary circulation, most often caused by a blood clot |
| pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) | disease caused by the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the lungs; characterized by the formation of tubercles, inflammation, and necrotizing caseous lesions (caseous necrosis) |
| sinusitis | inflammation of the sinuses |
| sleep apnea | periods of breathing cessation (10 seconds or more) that occur during sleep, often resulting in snoring |
| tonsillitis | acute or chronic inflammation of the tonsils |
| upper respiratory infection (URI) | infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract involving the nasal passages, pharynx, and bronchi |
Created by:
MT student1
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