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Stack #165358
Classification and Structure of Bones
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The skeleton is form of two of the most supportive tissues | cartilage and bone |
| Embryos skeleton is predominantly form of | Hyaline Cartilage |
| Functions of skeleton | *Supportive and Protection*Movement*Store lipids and many minerals*Red cell formation on the Red Marrow |
| Skeleton bones are connected by | joints and articulations |
| Skeleton subdivided into two division: | Axial Skeleton and Appendicular Skeleton |
| Axial Skeleton | skull, vertebrates and ribs |
| Appendicular skeleton | Limbs, shoulder bones, iliac. |
| Total amount of bones in a adult | 206 |
| Kind of bones by texture | Compact and spongy or cancellous |
| Compact bone | Smooth, dense and homogeneous |
| Spongy or cancellous | Form by small trabeculae (bars) of bones and lots of open space |
| Gross anatomy divides bones in form groups: | Long, short, flat and irregular |
| Describe a long bone | Are longer than wide, generally have a shaft with heads at either end. They composed mainly with compact bone. Examples: femur and phalages. |
| Describe a shot bone | Cube shaped, they have more spongy bone than compact. Examples: carpals and tarsals. |
| Describe a flat bone | Thin, two outer layers of compact bone and center layer og spongy bone. Example the skull bones |
| Irregular Bones | vertebrates |
| Tuberosity | Large rounded projection; may be roughened |
| Trochanter | Very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process |
| Process | Prominence or projection |
| Condyle | Round articular projection |
| Sinus | Space within a bone, filled with air and lined with mucous membrane |
| Meatus | Canal-like passageway |
| Fossa | Shallow, basinlike depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface |
| Foramen | Round or oval opening through a bone |
| Diaphysis | Shaft of the bone. Smooth surface, which is composed of compact bone |
| Epiphysis | End of a long bone. Composed by a thin layer of compact bone encloses spongy bone |
| Periosteum | Fibrous membrane covers the bone. Blood vessels and nerves travel through it and invade the bone |
| Perforating Fibers (Sharpey's) | Periosteum fibers that penetrate into the bone |
| Osteoblast | bone-forming cells |
| Osteoclast | bone-destroying cells, found on the inner, or osteogenic, layer of the periosteum |
| Articular cartilage | Covers the epiphyseal surface in place of the periosteum. |
| Epiphyseal Plate | thin area of hyaline cartilage that provides for longitudinal growth of bone during youth |
| Epiphyseal Lines | Epiphyseal plates replace with bone. Appear as a thin line once a long bone stops growing. |
| Medullary cavity | Central cavity of the shaft. This region store adipose tissue or yellow marrow. |
| Red marrow | Infacts, forming blood cells and is found in the marrow cavity.Adults, is found in the interior of epiphyses. |
| Endosteum | lining the interior of the shaft |
| Hardnes of a bone is due to: | Inorganic calcium salts deposited in its ground substance |
| Flexibility of a bone is due to: | Organic elements in the matrix, particularly collagen fibers. |
| Central Canal (Havesian Canal) | Runs parallel to the bone and carries blood vessels, nerves and lymph vessels through the bony matrix. |
| Osteocytes | Mature-bone cells |
| Lacunae | Chambers that encloses osteocytes, arranged in teh circumferential lamellae. |
| Circumferencial lamallae | concerntric circles around the central canal |
| Interstitial lamallae | Remnants of circumferencial lamallae that have been broken down |
| Osteon or Havesian system | Form by the central canal and all the circumferencial lamallae |
| Canaliculi | Tiny canals that connect the lacunae between lamallaes to supply nutrients. |
| Perforating canals (Volkmann's) | Helps the communication of the central canal between bone interior and external surface. |
| Endochondral Ossification | Uses hyaline cartilage as patterns for bone formation. |
| Skeletal Cartilage | Hyaline, elastic and fibroelastic |
| Hyaline Cartilage | Most abundant skeletal cartilage. Provides sturdy support with some resilience. |
| Elastic Cartilage | Elastic fibers. More flexible than the hyaline and tolerates repeated bending better. |
| Fibroelastic Cartilage | Consist of rows of chondrocytes alternating a row of thick collagen fibers.Has great tensile strength and withstand heavy compression. |
| Fontanels | Fibrous membranes indented between the bones of a fetal skull. Ossify at 20 to 22 months and they facilites the birth. |
| Name the fontanels | Anterior, Sphenoidal, mastoid and occipital. |
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Espy
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