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025
Musculoskeletal system -Q – Diagnostic terms & A – Meaning
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ankylosis | stiff joint condition |
| arthritis | inflammation of the joints characterized by pain, swelling, redness, warmth, and limitation of motion; there are more than 100 different types of arthritis |
| osteoarthritis (OA) (Fig. 4-11) | most common form of arthritis, especially affecting the weight-bearing joints (e.g., knee or hip), characterized by the erosion of articular cartilage |
| degenerative joint disease (DJD) | 0 |
| rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (Fig. 4-12) | most crippling form of arthritis; characterized by chronic, systemic inflammation, most often affecting joints and synovial membranes (especially in the hands and feet) and causing ankylosis and deformity |
| gouty arthritis | acute attacks of arthritis, usually in a single joint (especially the great toe), caused by hyperuricemia (an excessive level of uric acid in the blood) |
| bony necrosis | bone tissue that has died from loss of blood supply, such as can occur after a fracture (sequestrum = something laid aside) |
| bunion | swelling of the joint at the base of the great toe caused by inflammation of the bursa |
| bursitis | inflammation of a bursa |
| chondromalacia | softening of cartilage |
| epiphysitis | inflammation of the epiphyseal regions of the long bone |
| fracture (Fx) (Fig. 4-13) | broken or cracked bone |
| closed fracture | broken bone with no open wound |
| open fracture | compound fracture; broken bone with an open wound |
| simple fracture | nondisplaced fracture with one fracture line that does not require extensive treatment to repair (e.g., hairline fracture, stress fracture, or a crack) |
| complex fracture | displaced fracture that requires manipulation or surgery to repair |
| fracture line | the line of the break in a broken bone (e.g., oblique, spiral, or transverse) |
| comminuted fracture | broken in many small pieces |
| greenstick fracture | bending and incomplete break of a bone; most often seen in children |
| herniated disk | protrusion of a degenerated or fragmented intervertebral disk so that the nucleus pulposus protrudes, causing compression on the nerve root (see Chapter 8, Fig. 8-8) |
| myeloma | bone marrow tumor |
| myositis | inflammation of muscle |
| myoma | muscle tumor |
| leiomyoma | smooth muscle tumor |
| leiomyosarcoma | malignant smooth muscle tumor |
| rhabdomyoma | skeletal muscle tumor |
| rhabdomyosarcoma | malignant skeletal muscle tumor |
| muscular dystrophy | a category of genetically transmitted diseases characterized by progressive atrophy of skeletal muscles; Duchenne type is most common |
| osteoma | bone tumor |
| osteosarcoma | type of malignant bone tumor |
| osteomalacia | disease marked by softening of the bone caused by calcium and vitamin D deficiency |
| rickets | osteomalacia in children; causes bone deformity |
| osteomyelitis | infection of bone and bone marrow, causing inflammation |
| osteoporosis (Fig. 4-14) | condition of decreased bone density and increased porosity, causing bones to become brittle and to fracture more easily (porosis = passage) |
| spinal curvatures (Fig. 4-15) | curvatures of the spine (backbone) or spinal column (vertebral column) |
| kyphosis | abnormal posterior curvature of the thoracic spine (humped-back condition) |
| lordosis | abnormal anterior curvature of the lumbar spine (sway-back condition) |
| scoliosis (Fig 4-16) | abnormal lateral curvature of the spine (S-shaped curve) |
| spondylolisthesis (Fig. 4-17) | forward slipping of a lumbar vertebra (listhesis = slipping) |
| spondylosis | stiff, immobile condition of vertebrae caused by joint degeneration |
| sprain | injury to a ligament caused by joint trauma but without joint dislocation or fracture |
| subluxation | partial dislocation (luxation = dislocation) |
| tendinitis or tendonitis | inflammation of a tendon |
Created by:
MT student1
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