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016
Integument System Overview - Q – Common Diagnostic terms & A – Meaning
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| inflammation of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles of the skin, evidenced by comedones (blackheads), pustules, or nodules on the skin (acne = point) | acne (Fig. 3-9) |
| a hereditary condition characterized by a partial or total lack of melanin pigment (particularly in the eyes, skin, and hair) | albinism |
| 0al′bi-nizm | |
| injury to body tissue caused by heat, chemicals, electricity, radiation, or gases | burn |
| a burn involving only the epidermis; characterized by erythema (redness) and hyperesthesia (excessive sensation) | first-degree(or 1st-degree) burn |
| a burn involving the epidermis and the dermis; characterized by erythema, hyperesthesia, and vesications (blisters) | second-degree (or 2nd-degree) burn |
| a burn involving all layers of the skin; characterized by the destruction of the epidermis and dermis, with damage or destruction of subcutaneous tissue | third-degree (or 3rd-degree) burn |
| inflammation of the skin characterized by erythema, pruritus(itching), and various lesions | dermatitis |
| any disorder of the skin | dermatosis |
| an eruption of the skin caused by a viral disease (exanthema = eruption) | exanthematous viral disease |
| reddish; German measles | rubella |
| reddish; 14-day measles | rubeola |
| a tiny spot; chickenpox | varicella |
| to boil out; often used interchangeably with dermatitis to denote a skin condition characterized by the appearance of inflamed, swollen papules and vesicles that crust and scale, often with sensations of itching and burning | eczema |
| boil; a painful nodule formed in the skin by inflammation originating in a hair follicle; caused by staphylococcosis | furuncle |
| a skin infection consisting of clusters of furuncles (carbo = small, glowing embers) | carbuncle |
| a localized collection of pus in a cavity formed by the inflammation of surrounding tissues, which heals when drained or excised (abscessus = a going away) | abscess |
| an eating sore; death of tissue associated with loss of blood supply | gangrene |
| transient viral vesicles (e.g., cold sores or fever blisters) that infect the facial area, especially the mouth and nose (herpes = creeping skin disease) | herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) |
| sexually transmitted, ulcer-like lesions of the genital and anorectal skin and mucosa; after initial infection, the virus lies dormant in the nerve cell root and may recur at times of stress | herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) (see Fig. 15-8) |
| a viral disease affecting the peripheral nerves characterized by painful blisters that spread over the skin following affected nerves, usually unilateral; also known as shingles (zoster = girdle) | herpes zoster |
| a highly contagious, bacterial skin inflammation marked by pustules that rupture and become crusted, most often around the mouth and nostrils | impetigo |
| thickened areas of epidermis | keratoses |
| localized thickening of the skin caused by excessive exposure to sunlight, a known precursor to cancer (actinic = ray; solar = sun) | actinic (or solar) keratoses (Fig. 3-10) |
| benign, wart-like tumors; more common on elderly skin | seborrheic keratoses (Fig. 3-11) |
| a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of various parts of the body (lupus = wolf) | lupus |
| limited to the skin; evidenced by a characteristic rash, especially on the face, neck, and scalp | cutaneous lupus |
| a more severe form of lupus involving the skin, joints, and often vital organs (e.g., lungs or kidneys) | systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) |
| skin cancer | malignant cutaneous neoplasm |
| malignant tumor of the squamous epithelium | squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (see Fig. 3-1) |
| malignant tumor of the basal layer of the epidermis; the most common type of skin cancer | basal cell carcinoma (BCC) (see Fig. 3-1) |
| malignant tumor composed of melanocytes | malignant melanoma (see Fig. 3-1) |
| malignant tumor of the walls of blood vessels, appearing as painless, dark bluish-purple plaques on the skin; often spreads to the lymph nodes and internal organs; commonly seen in patients with HIV/AIDS (human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodefici | Kaposi sarcoma (Fig. 3-12) |
| inflammation of the fingernail or toenail | onychia |
| inflammation of the nail fold | paronychia (Fig. 3-13) |
| infestation with lice that causes itching and dermatitis (pediculo = louse) | pediculosis (Fig. 3-14) |
| head lice (capitis = head) | pediculosis capitis |
| lice that generally infect the pubic region and sometimes also hair of the axilla, eyebrows, eyelashes, beard, or other hairy body surfaces; also called crabs (pubis = groin) | pediculosis pubis |
| itching; a chronic, recurrent skin disease marked by silvery scales covering red patches, papules, and/or plaques on the skin that result from overproduction and thickening of skin cells; common sites of involvement are the elbows, knees, genitals, arms, | psoriasis (Fig. 3-15) |
| a contagious disease caused by a parasite (mite) that invades the skin, causing an intense itch, most often at articulations between the fingers or toes, elbow, etc. (scabo = to scratch) | scabies |
| a skin condition marked by the hypersecretion of sebum from the sebaceous glands | seborrhea |
| a group of fungal skin diseases identified by the body part affected, including tinea corporis (body), commonly called ringworm, and tinea pedis (foot), also called athlete's foot | tinea |
| a condition caused by the destruction of melanin that results in the appearance of white patches on the skin (commonly the face, hands, legs, and genital areas) | vitiligo (see Fig. 3-3, B) |
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