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HS~1 Infection Contr
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| microrganism | small, living organism that cannot be seen with the naked eye |
| microbe | AKA microorganism |
| pathogen | microbe that causes disease |
| nonpathogen | microbe that is considered beneficial and usually does not cause disease |
| bacteria | simple one-celled organisms that multiply rapidly |
| cocci | round, spherical shaped bacteria |
| bacilli | rod-shaped bacteria |
| streptococci | spherical shaped bacteria that appear in chains |
| staphylococci | spherical-shaped bacteria that appear in clusters;AKA pus producers |
| antibiotics | drugs that are used to treat bacterial illnesses |
| protozoa | one-celled animal like microbes that live in contaminated water and decayed material |
| fungi | plant-like organisms that live on dead organic matter; AKA yeasts & molds |
| rickettsiae | parasitic organisms transmitted by fleas, ticks, lice, mites |
| viruses | smallest microbes; spread through blood and body fluids; hard to kill; resistant to antibiotics |
| Hepatitis B | serious liver infection; caused by virus; leads to liver destruction; vaccine is availble |
| Hepatitis C | serious liver infection; transmitted by blood and body fluids; no vaccine; increases chances of liver cancer |
| AIDS | acquired immune deficiency syndrome; bloodborn; caused by a virus; no cure; patient can't fight off infections and cancers |
| aerobic | organism can't live without oxygen |
| anaerobic | organism lives and reproduces in the absence of oxygen |
| nosocomial infection | infection that is acquired in a health care facility; transmitted by the health care worker; |
| opportunistic infection | occurs when the body's immune system is weakened |
| endogenous disease | disease that originates within the body; Ex: diabetes, cancer |
| exogenous disease | disease originates outside the body Ex: infections, trauma, |
| antisepsis | prevent or inhibit the growth of pathogenic organisms; may not affect spores & viruses |
| disinfection | destroys or kills organisms; not always effective against all spores/viruses |
| sterilization | kills all pathogens, spores, & viruses; uses heat and steam under pressure |
| autoclave | instrument used to sterilize instruments and equipment; uses steam under pressure to kill all organisms, spores, viruses |
| hand washing | most important method used to prevent the spread of infection |
| chain of infection | conditions required for the spread of infection |
| causative agent | a pathogen that can cause disease |
| reservoir | area where a causative agent can live; ideal environment for the pathogen |
| fomite | any object that is contaminated with pathogens; Ex: cell phones, door knobs, desk tops, pencils |
| portal of exit | The way an organism escapes from the reservoir; Ex: blood, body fluids |
| mode of transmission | The way a causative agent can be transmitted to another reservoir or host; Ex: sneezes, hands, sexual contact, insects |
| portal of entry | THe way a causative agent enters a new reservoir or host; Ex: break in the skin, respiratory tract |
| susceptible host | a person likely to get an infection or disease usually because defenses are weakened |
| contaminated | organisms are present |
| asepsis | absence of disease causing pathogens |
| sterie | free from all organisms, spores and viruses; free of all pathogens and nonpathogens |
Created by:
ddooley
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