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68C Pharma. Ph.1 T.9
Introduction to Medication Administration ppt.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Absorption | when active ingredient of drug enters bodyfluids |
| adverse reaction | harmful, unintended reaction to a drug administered at a normal dose |
| antagonist | drug that will block action of another drug |
| distribution | transport of drug by blood stream to site of action |
| dose | single administration of drug, given at one time |
| dosage | amount of medication prescribed for client by physician in given amount of time or at given frequency |
| excretion | drugs eliminated from body, primarily through kidneys |
| idiosyncratic response | individuals unique hypersensitivity to particular drug. unexpected response to a medication |
| incompatibility | when some drugs do not combine chemically or physically with other drugs. Signs include: changes in color,haziness,precipiate |
| lethal dose | amount of drug that will cause death |
| maximal dose | largest amount of drug that can be given safely |
| medication (drug) interations | when one medication modifies/alters action of another medication; may produce totally different effect than expected effect of either drug, beneficial or harmful |
| metabolism (biotransformation) | process by which drug is broken down by liver to inactive compounds (metabolites) through series of chemical reactions |
| minimal dose | smallest amount of drug that produces therapeutic effect |
| pharmacology | study of drugs and their action on the living body |
| pharmaceutical phase | from manufacture of drug until administration and absorption by body |
| pharmacokinetic phase | involves movement of drug's active ingredients from body fluids into entire system and to site of intended action (what body does to drug molecules) |
| synergism | one drug increases action of effect of another drug; called potentiation |
| therapeutic effects | beneficial,expected or predictable physiological response that a medication causes |
| toxic dose | amount of drug that produces signs and symptoms of poisoning |
| toxic effects | develop after prolonged intake of medication or when medication accumulates in the blood because of impaired metabolism or excretion |
| Drugs may be known by 3 different names | a. chemical b. generic c.trade |
| generic name | assigned by manufacturer, first develops the drug before becomes official. used in most official drug compendium listings, name not capitalized, more common in hospitals ie acetaminophen |
| trade name | brand name, drugs registered trademark given by manufacturer. First letter capitalized, easy to pronounce. brand name more common, followed by trademark ie Tylenol TM |
| accountability of controlled substances | a.handled by person c license b.double-locked c.special inventory records d.both nurses sign |
| narcotic wasting | only part of premeasured dosage given, client refuses after its been signed out and prepared. 2nd nurse witness disposal form |
| Factors affecting drug activity | age, weight, physical health, psychological status, food in stomach, dosage form, gender |
| enteral administration | administered along any portion of GI tract, absorbed more slowly, solid/liquid preparations |
| Enteral routes | PO, Tubal, Suppository, Enema |
| Tablet forms | Caplets, Scored tablet, enteric coated tablet |
| capsules | powders/pellets enclosed in gelatin-like, elongated form> always administered whole, sustained/timed release never divided or crushed |
| Liquids | syrups,elixers, shake prior to pouring, less than 5mL use oral syringe for measurement |
| percutaneous administration | administered through skin/mucous membranes ie lotions, ointments, transdermal patches |
| ways of percutaneous administration | a.topical b.instillation (sublingual,buccal) c.inhalation |
| parenteral administration | methods other than digestive route, NEEDLE> ampules,vials |
| Routes of Parenteral administration | IM, IV, ID, SubQ |
| intramuscular injection | 20-22g, more than 1mL give in buttocks, inserted at 90 degrees, if 5mL divide into 2 doses, 1 1/4 commonly used |
| Gluteal muscles/ventrogluteal landmarks! | use upper outer quadrant. 3 landmarks a.greater trochanter b.anterior iliac spine c.iliac crest |
| vastus lateralis muscle | site for children under 3, up to 3mL in adult, 1-1.5 in for adult, 1 1/4 common |
| Deltoid muscle | 3 fingers below shoulder joint, 1 in, no more than 1mL |
| subcutaneous (SQ or SC) method | requires slower absorption rate than IM ie insulin. needle length .5in-7/8inch (23 to 25g) inject no more than 1.0 mL volume, 45 degree angle |
| intradermal (ID) injection | 1mL tuberculin syringe, dermis at 15 degrees, 26g, 1/4-1/2 inch |
| 6 R's | Medication,Dose,Time,Route,Patient, Documentation |
| Three times medication is checked? | a.taking from storage area b.removing medication from container c.after pouring medication |
| Components of a medication label | a.generic name b.trade name c.dosage strength d.form e.route of administration f.total volume g.amount in container h.combined medication labels |
Created by:
ajwildasin30
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