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Green Module
Musculoskeletal Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the five regions of the vertebrae column? | cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx |
| What are the four different types of bones? | short, long, irregular, flat |
| What are the functions of the bones? | framework of the body, protect internal organs, store calcium and other minerals, produce blood cells (hematopoiesis), provide points of attachement for muscles, tendons and ligaments making movement possible. |
| What are the functions of the muscles? | provide movement of an organ or body part, contribute to posture, produce body heat, protect internal organs |
| What are the three different types of muscles? | skeletal, cardiac, smooth |
| What are the three different types of ribs? | true, false and floating |
| What are the three divisions of the pelvis? | ilium, ischium, pubis |
| What does the appendicular skeleton consist of? | bones of the upper and lower limbs and their girdles that attach the limbs to the axial skeleton |
| What are the three regions of the axial skeleton? | skull, rib cage, vertebral column |
| What does the pectoral girdle consist of? | clavicle and scapula |
| What is a fontanel? | incomplete bone formation (soft spot)that lies between the cranial bones of an infant's skull |
| What is an orthopedist? | a physician who specializes in the diagnoses and treatment of musculoskeletal disorders |
| What is muscular dystrophy? | a genetic disease, characterized by gradual atrophy and weakening of muscle tissue |
| What is myasthenia gravis? | a neuromuscular disorder, causes fluctuating weakness of certain skeletal muscle groups (eyes, face and sometimes limbs) |
| What is rheumatoid arthritis? | a systemic disease, characterized by inflammatory changes in joints and their related structures, resulting in crippling deformaties |
| periosteum | A dense fibrous membrane that covers the surface of bone. |
| tendon | A strap composed of connective tissue that joins muscle to bone. |
| lordosis | Abnormal inward curvature of the spine. |
| scoliosis | Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine. |
| kyphosis | An exaggerated outward curvature of the thoracic vertebraw. |
| appendage | Any body part attached to a main structure. |
| talipes (equinovarus) | Any deformity of the foot; also called club foot. |
| ligament | Band of connective tissue that connects bone to bone. |
| osteoporosis | Bone pores or cavities resulting from a decrease in bone density. |
| sternum | Breast bone. |
| flexion | Decreases the angle of a joint. |
| crepitation | Dry grating sound caused by bones rubbing together. |
| dorsiflexion | Elevates the foot. |
| laminectomy | Excision of the posterior arch of a vertebra. |
| podiatry | Foot treatment. |
| diarthrosis | Freely movable joints. |
| exacerbation | Increase in severity of a disease. |
| extension | Increases the angle of a joint. |
| claudication | Lameness, limping. |
| cruciate ligaments | Ligaments that form an X. |
| hypotonia | Loss of muscular tone. |
| plantar flexion | Lowers the foot. |
| bone mineral density test | Measures bone density. |
| abduction | Moves away from the midline. |
| adduction | Moves closer to the midline. |
| inversion | Moves the sole of the foot inward. |
| eversion | Moves the sole of the foot outward. |
| strain | Muscular trauma caused by violent contraction or an excessive forcible stretch. |
| subluxation | Partial or incomplete dislocation. |
| reduction | Procedure that restores bone to its normal position. |
| hematopoiesis | Production and development of blood cells. |
| arthrocentesis | Puncture of a joint space. |
| myelography | Radiography of the spinal cord. |
| open reduction | Reduction procedure that treats bone fractures using surgery. |
| closed reduction | Reduction procedure that uses manipulation. |
| muscular tissue | Refers to all contractile tissue of the body. |
| amphiarthrosis | Slightly movable joints. |
| torticollis | Stiff neck caused by spasmodic contraction of the neck muscle. |
| ankylosis | Stiffening and immobility of a joint. |
| sprain | Tearing of ligament tissue. |
| ilium | The lateral flaring portion of the hip bone. |
| ischium | The lower part of the hip bone. |
| agonist | The muscle that produces the movement. |
| antagonist | The muscle that relaxes in order to allow a movement. |
| joint / articulation | The place at which two bones meet. |
| pubis | The third portion of the hip bone. |
| calcium supplements | Treat and prevent hypocalcemia. |
| pronation | Turns the palm down. |
| supination | Turns the palm up. |
| ACL | anterior cruciate ligament |
| CDH | congenital dislocation of the hip |
| CT | computed tomography |
| DJD | degenerative joint disease |
| EMG | electromyography |
| Fx | fracture |
| IM | intramuscular |
| IV | intervenous |
| MS | multiple sclerosis |
| NSAIDs | nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs |
| THA | total hip arthroplasty |
| THR | total hip replacement |
Created by:
Barbara Ross
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