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Monahan - Ch. One
Major Organs and Their Functions
Term | Definition |
---|---|
salivary glands | secrete saliva |
esophagus | food chute, pushes chewed food into stomach via peristalsis |
stomach | chemically and mechanically digests food |
small intestine | chemical digestion of food and nutrient absorption |
large intestine (colon) | absorption of water |
rectum | stores feces |
anus | expels feces |
liver | produces bile, creates urea, and detoxifies blood |
pancreas | produces digestive juices and insulin |
heart | pumps blood to/from lungs and to/from body |
arteries | blood vessels that carry blood away from heart |
veins | blood vessels that carry blood to the heart |
capillaries | thin,smallest bloood vessels that allow diffusion of gases and nutrients between cells and vessel |
pharynx | back of throat (part of respiratory and digestive systems) |
larynx | voice box |
trachea | windpipe that carries oxygen and carbon dioxide to/from lungs |
bronchi | branches from trachea that lead into right and left lungs |
bronchioles | smaller branches off of the bronchi |
lungs | made of millions of alveoli = thin-walled air sacs where diffusion of gases takes place |
kidneys | create urine from your blood by filtration and absorption |
ureters | carry urine from kidneys to bladder |
urinary bladder | stores urine, able to expand and contract |
urethra | expels urine from bladder |
brain | in charge of every bodily function |
spinal cord | connects brain to rest of body |
nerve | carries information to/from spinal cord |
testes | produces sperm and testosterone in males |
ovaries | maturation of eggs and estrogen production in females |
adrenal glands | produces cortisol, adrenaline (sit superior to kidneys) |
pituitary gland | master endocrine gland (dangles from brain) |