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Monahan - Ch. One
Major Organs and Their Functions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| salivary glands | secrete saliva |
| esophagus | food chute, pushes chewed food into stomach via peristalsis |
| stomach | chemically and mechanically digests food |
| small intestine | chemical digestion of food and nutrient absorption |
| large intestine (colon) | absorption of water |
| rectum | stores feces |
| anus | expels feces |
| liver | produces bile, creates urea, and detoxifies blood |
| pancreas | produces digestive juices and insulin |
| heart | pumps blood to/from lungs and to/from body |
| arteries | blood vessels that carry blood away from heart |
| veins | blood vessels that carry blood to the heart |
| capillaries | thin,smallest bloood vessels that allow diffusion of gases and nutrients between cells and vessel |
| pharynx | back of throat (part of respiratory and digestive systems) |
| larynx | voice box |
| trachea | windpipe that carries oxygen and carbon dioxide to/from lungs |
| bronchi | branches from trachea that lead into right and left lungs |
| bronchioles | smaller branches off of the bronchi |
| lungs | made of millions of alveoli = thin-walled air sacs where diffusion of gases takes place |
| kidneys | create urine from your blood by filtration and absorption |
| ureters | carry urine from kidneys to bladder |
| urinary bladder | stores urine, able to expand and contract |
| urethra | expels urine from bladder |
| brain | in charge of every bodily function |
| spinal cord | connects brain to rest of body |
| nerve | carries information to/from spinal cord |
| testes | produces sperm and testosterone in males |
| ovaries | maturation of eggs and estrogen production in females |
| adrenal glands | produces cortisol, adrenaline (sit superior to kidneys) |
| pituitary gland | master endocrine gland (dangles from brain) |