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ch. 5 & 6
digestive system
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| -ase | enzyme |
| -chezia | defecation-elimination of wastes |
| -ectasis | dilation, widening |
| -emesis | vomiting |
| -iasis | condition |
| -lithiasis | condition of stones |
| -pepsia | digestion |
| -prandial | meal |
| -ptysis | spitting |
| -rrhagia,-rrhage | bursting forth (of blood) |
| -spasm | involuntary contraction of muscles |
| -stenosis | narrowing, structure, tightening |
| -tresia | opening |
| -rrhaphy | suture |
| amyl/o | starch |
| bucc/o | cheek |
| cheil/o | lip |
| labi/o | lip |
| dent/i | tooth |
| odont/o | tooth |
| esophag/o | esophagus |
| faci/o | face |
| gingiv/o | gums |
| gloss/o | tongue |
| lingu/o | tongue |
| mandibul/o | lower jaw bone |
| or/o | mouth |
| stomat/o | mouth |
| palat/o | palate; roof of the mouth |
| pharyng/o | pharynx; throat |
| sial/o | saliva |
| sialaden/o | salivary gland |
| dysphagia | difficulty swallowing |
| stomatitis | inflammation of the mouth |
| aphthous stomatitis | inflammation of the mouth with ulcers |
| herpetic stomatitis | inflammation of the mouth due to herpes simplex virus |
| oral leukoplakia | white plaques in the mucous membranes of the mouth-precancerous |
| periodontal disease | disease of the tissue surrounding the teeth (gums)=gingivitis |
| pyorrhea | "flow of pus" -refers to abscessed, infected gums |
| py/o | pus |
| bil/i | bile |
| bilirubin/o | bilirubin |
| chol/e | bile |
| cholangi/o | bile vessels |
| choledoch/o | common bile duct |
| cholecyst/o | gallbladder |
| gastr/o | stomach |
| gluc/o | sugar |
| glyc/o | sugar |
| glycogen/o | glycogen (starch) |
| hepat/o | liver |
| lapar/o | abdomen |
| celi/o | abdomen |
| lip/o | fat |
| lith/o | stones |
| pancreat/o | pancreas |
| peritone/o | peritoneum (membrane surrounding the abdominal organs) |
| steat/o | fat |
| achlorhydria | no stomach acid produced (hydrochloric acid is in stomach acid) |
| anorexia | no appetite |
| ascites | accumulation of fluid in abdominal cavity |
| colic | pain |
| gastroesophageal reflux | stomach acid and contents back up into the esophagus (GERD) |
| jaundice | yellow/orange coloration of skin and eyes caused by high levels of bilirubin in blood |
| nausea | unpleasant sensation in stomach with a tendency to vomit |
| achalasia | failure of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax "no relaxation" |
| esophageal varices | varicose veins in the esophagus |
| hiatal hernia | upper part of the stomach protrudes upward through the diaphragm- leads to GERD |
| ulcer | open sore in the lining of the mucous membrane of the stomach or duodenum |
| cirrhosis | chronic degenerative disease of the liver, the liver becomes filled with fat |
| cholecystitis | inflammation of the gallbladder |
| cholelithiasis | condition of stones in the gallbladder (gallstones) |
| viral hepatitis | inflammation of the liver caused by a virus (a=most benign, spread by contaminated food/water b&c=spread by contact with blood/body fluids (more severe)) |
| an/o | anus |
| append/o | appendix |
| appendic/o | appendix |
| cec/o | cecum |
| col/o | colon |
| colon/o | colon |
| duoden/o | duodenum (first part of small intestine) |
| enter/o | small intestines |
| herni/o | hernia, protrusion |
| ile/o | ileum(last part of small intestine) |
| jejun/o | jejunum (middle part of small intestine) |
| proct/o | rectum and anus |
| pylor/o | pylorus |
| rect/o | rectum |
| sigmoid/o | sigmoid colon (s-curved at end of descending colon) |
| constipation | difficulty in passing stools(due to slow peristalsis and/or feces) |
| diarrhea | "complete discharge" "flow through" frequent passing of loose, watery stools |
| flatus | gas expelled through the anus |
| hematochezia | passage of bright red blood from the rectum ( in the stools) |
| melena | black tarry stools-indicates presence of digested blood |
| steatorrhea | fat in the feces |
| colonic polyposis | presence of polyps (growths) in the mucous membranes of the colon |
| colorectal cancer | malignant tumors of the colon or rectum |
| inflammatory bowel disease | group of diseases causing inflammation of the intestines, thought to be autoimmune |
| Chron's disease | chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract -diarrhea, pain, fever, weight loss |
| ulcerative colitis | inflammation of the colon with ulcers |
| diverticula | abnormal out pouchings in the intestinal wall |
| dysentery | painful, inflamed intestines usually caused by a bacterial infection (frequent bloody stools and abdomen pain) |
| hemorrhoids | swollen twisted (varicose) veins in the rectal region |
| hernia | protrusion of an organ through a muscular wall |
| ileus | loss of peristalsis resulting in obstruction of the intestines |
| intussusception | telescoping of the intestines |
| irritable bowel disease | group of intestinal symptoms associated with stress and tension |
| volvulus | twisting of the intestine upon itself |
| abdominocentesis (paracentesis) | surgical puncture to remove fluid from the abdomen |
| barium enema | x-ray images of the colon and rectum are taken after contrast dye is injected into the rectum |
| barium swallow | x-ray of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestines are taken after contrast dye is taken by mouth |
| cholangiography | x-ray of the bile vessels after injection of contrast into the bile ducts |
| cholecystojejunostomy | new opening between the gallbladder and the second part of the small intestine |
| choledochojejunostomy | new opening between the common bile duct and the second part of the small intestine |
| Ct scan | series of x-ray images are taken and assembled by a computer to give a cross-section view |
| endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography | x-ray of bile vessels and pancreas with dye injected by a tube placed into the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum |
| gastrojejunostomy | new opening between the stomach and the jejunum |
| hemoccult test | test to detect hidden blood in the feces |
| Liver Function Tests | tests for the presence of liver enzymes and bilirubin in blood |
| nasogastric intubation | tube is placed through the nose and into the stomach |
| palatoplasty | surgical repair of the palate |
| stool culture | test for micro organisms present in feces |
Created by:
klepley
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