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Nervous system 1
Nervous system 1 and 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Functions of the nervous system | Coordinates and controls body activity, detects and processes internal/external info, formulates appropriate responses |
| Major structures of the nervous system | Brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, sensory organs |
| PNS consists of what | Cranial and spinal nerves |
| Cell body | AKA: Soma. Maintains life of the neuron |
| Dendrites | Receive impulses and conduct them toward the cell body |
| Axon | Single process. Extends away from the cell body |
| Synaptic terminals | AKA: Terminal end fibers. Leads the impulse away from the axon and toward the synapse |
| Synapse | The junction where neural impulses cause a chemical release, called a neurotransmitter |
| Astrocytes | Attach neurons to their blood supply. Help form the blood-brain barrier, in the CNS |
| Microglia | Phagocytic cells that help fight infection in the CNS |
| Oligodendrocytes | Form the myelin sheath in the CNS |
| Schwann cells | Forms the myelin in the PNS and has phagocytic capabilities |
| White matter | Has nerve fibers that are covered by myelin |
| Gray matter | Does not have myelin covered nerve fibers. |
| Nerve | One or more bundles of impulse carrying fibers located in the PNS |
| Tract | Group of nerve fibers located in the CNS |
| Ganglion | Mass of neuron cell bodies. Outside of the CNS |
| Plexus | Network of intersecting nerves/vessels |
| Innervation | Stimulation of a body part through the action of nerves |
| Nociceptive | Pain receptors |
| Proprioceptive | Perception of movement |
| Meninges | Connective tissue that encase the brain and spinal cord |
| Cerebrospinal fluid | Clear fluid that nourishes, cools and cushions the CNS |
| Cerebrum | Largest part of brain, receives and processes stimuli, stores information |
| Cerebral cortex | Made up of gray matter. responsible for thinking, perceiving, producing and understanding language. |
| Cerebellum | Coordinates muscle activity for smooth muscle movement |
| Brain stem | Connects the cerebral hemispheres with the spinal cord |
| Inter brain | Regulation of thirst and body temperature |
| Mid brain | Responsible for visual and auditory reflexes, posture and muscle control |
| Pons | Bridge at base of the brain which allows nerves to cross over so that one side of the brain controls the opposite side of the body |
| Medulla Oblongata | Controls basic life functions |
| Spinal cord | Pathway for impulses going to and from the brain |
| Peripheral Nervous System | Cranial nerves, autonomic and somatic nervous, somatic spinal nerves and ganglia |
| Brachial plexus | Nerves arise from the brachial plexus, to supply each forelimb |
| Lumbosacral plexus | Nerves arise from the lumbosacral plexus, to supply each hind limb |
| Foramen magnum | Opening that the spinal cord passes through |
| Dorsal root | Carries afferent or sensory impulses from the periphery to the spinal cord |
| Ventral root | Carries efferent or motor impulses from the spinal cord to muscle fibers or glands |
| Autonomic Nervous System | Part of the PNS. Innervates smooth muscle. Consists of the sympathetic and parasympathetic |
| Somatic Nervous System | Voluntary |
| CT scan | Computed tomography |
| CAT scan | Computed Axial tomography |
| Obtunded | Depressed |
| Neuroanastomosis | Connecting nerves together |
| Vagus nerve | Controls the heart, lungs, larynx, pharynx, esophagus and cranial portion of the intestinal tract. Damage causes difficulty in swallowing |
| Medical term for swelling | Intumescence |
| Blood brain barrier |
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