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Stroke

neuro rehab

QuestionAnswer
Types of stroke ischemic: embolic or thromotic; hemorhagic
What is an embolic stroke? blood clot from somewhere else eventually trapped in smaller vessle in brain preventing perfusion
What is a thrombotic stroke? block to arteries that supply brain, typically result from wall build up and clots are formed as a response to perceived injury
What is a large vessel thrombosis? combo of artherosclerosis and quick blood clot formation
What is a lacunar stroke? also known as small vessel thrombosis; blockage of small vessels supplying the brain closely linked to hypertension but poorly understood
What supplies blood to internal capsule? middle cerebral artery; circle of willis
What is a hemorrhagic stroke? caused by vessle blow-out
What are the types of hemorrhagic stroke? subarachnoid and intracranial
T/F Blood is toxic to neurons True
A subarachnoid stroke is also called.... an aneurysm
An intracranial stroke is.... a breakage of vessels in brain, related to hypertension
Which is more expensive? An Ischemic stroke or subarachnoid hemorrhage Subararachnoid hemorrhage ($225,000 vs. $140,000 over a lifetime)
Name 5 initial changes that occur due to stroke. alterations in BBB, glial swelling (influenced by vasogenic and cytotoxic edema), changes in local blood flow, abnormal cell permeability, corpus callosum and hipcampus esp vulnerable
What do glia do? support cells (provide nutrition, structural support, remove waste, mylinate (oligodendricytes in CNS), radial glial cells help transport neurons in infants
What structures are esp vulnerable to stroke and why? corpus callosum and hippocampus; NOT SURE WHY???? LOOK UP
What is diaschisis? a disturbance or loss of function in one part of the brain due to a localized injury in another part.
How long does it take for dendrites to disintigrate with ischemia? minutes
Which causes more damage more quickly? ischemia or exposure to blood ischemia
What is impacted first with ischemia? synapses or neurons synapses
How long after the stroke can progressive atrophy occur? To grey or white? Why? up to 1 year; grey and white; use it or lose it? other reasons?
What are the 3 changes seen in the peri-infarct region? increased spine turnover; increases in growth promoting/growth inhibiting factors; increased synaptogenesis and axonal sprouting
Are growth inhibiting factors ever good? yes
What are the 4 sequential steps in plasticity? (Wang article) 1. lesion induced plasticity: there must be a need 2. clearance of debris: large role of glial cells 3. collateral sprouting: collateral and terminal 4: potentiation: short and long term
where does collateral sprouting occur nodes of ranvier (bc no myelination)
diff bw collateral and terminal sprouting collateral: neighbors helping neighbors terminal: repairing of damaged axons
Mirror therapy is a form of __________. motor imagery
How does mirror therapy work? viewing the mirror image of one's active hand increased the excitability of neurons in the ipsilateral primary motor cortex significantly more than viewing the inactive hand directly (no mirror).
What is task-oriented training? training that is progressively adapted, salient, involves active participation
What is task-oriented training recommended? to improve transfer skills and mobility
When is task-specific training recommended? to improve performance of selected tasks for lower extremity
What is the task-oriented training recommended by canadian best practices? training consisting of an extra 11 to 13 reps/day of sit-to-stand practice w/ eyes open and min use of arm support
Created by: wrenlette
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