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Yellow Module
Yellow Module Respiratory Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Describe the nasal cavity. | Chamber lined with mucous membranes and tiny cilia. |
| What are olfactory neurons? | Receptors for the sense of smell. |
| What happens to CO2 as it enters pulmonary capillaries? | It diffuses from the blood within the pulmonary capillaries and enters alveolar spaces. |
| What happens to the diaphragm when we breathe? | Contracts during inspirations Relaxes during expiration. |
| What is external respiration? | Exchange of O2 and CO2 between the alveoli and the blood in pulmonary capillaries. |
| What is internal respiration? | Exchange of O2 and CO2 between the body cells and the blood in systemic capillaries. |
| What is pulmonary ventilation? | Breathing. |
| Describe the transport of respiratory gases? | When blood transports CO2 to the lungs and O2 to the body cells. |
| What is the respiratory system responsible for? | Exchange of O2 and CO2. |
| What are exudates? | Fluid that is usually high in protein and often contains blood and immune cells. |
| What are transudates? | Non-inflammatory fluid that resembles serum but with slightly less protein. |
| What are the causes of asthma? | Allergens, irritants, stress, cold, exercise. |
| What are the three major disorders included in COPD? | Asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema. |
| What is emphysema? | Characterized by decreased elasticity of the alveoli. |
| ABG | arterial blood gases |
| AFB | acid-fast bacillus |
| AP | anteroposterior |
| ARDS | acute respiratory distress syndrome |
| CO2 | carbon dioxide |
| COPD | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
| CPR | cardiopulmonary resuscitation |
| CT | computed tomography |
| DPI | dry powder inhaler |
| FVC | forced vital capacity |
| Hb | hemoglobin |
| HMD | hyaline membrane disease |
| Hx | history |
| IRDS | infant respiratory distress syndrome |
| MDI | metered-dose inhaler |
| NMT | nebulized mist treatment |
| O2 | oxygen |
| PFT | pulmonary function tests |
| PND | paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea |
| RDS | respiratory distress syndrome |
| SOB | shortness of breath |
| T&A | tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy |
| TB | tuberculosis |
| TPR | temperature, pulse, respirations |
| URI | upper respiratory infection |
| VC | vital capacity |
| DPT | diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus |
| SIDS | sudden infant death syndrome |
| cystic fibrosis | hereditary disease of the exocrine glands, effects respiratory system, pancreas and sweat glands. |
| rhonchus | Abnormal breath sounds heard on auscultation. |
| crackle | Abnormal respiratory sound heard on auscultation. Also called rafe. |
| anosmia | Absence of the sense of smell. |
| pertussis | Acute infectious disease characterized by a cough that has a "whoop" sound. |
| tuberculosis (TB) | An infectious disease caused by inhaling viable tubercle bacilli: aka acid-fast bacillus. |
| pneumonia | An inflammatory disease of the lungs caused by bacteria, viruses, disease, chemicals, etc. |
| antihistamine | Block histamines from binding with histamine receptor sites in tissues. |
| atelectasis | Collapsed or airless state of the lung, may be acute or chronic. |
| palatine tonsils | Collection of lymphatic tissue within the oropharynx. |
| asphyxia | Condition caused by insufficient intake of oxygen. |
| pneumoconiosis | Disease caused by inhaling dust particles. |
| compliance | Ease with which lung tissue can be stretched. |
| pleural effusion | Excess fluid in the pleural cavity. |
| pleurectomy | Excision of part of the pleura. |
| pneumectomy | Excision of a lung. |
| viscous | Extremely thick. |
| stridor | High-pitched, harsh, adventitious breath sound. |
| thoracic (chest) x-ray | Images of the chest taken from AP, PA and lateral views. |
| pleurisy | Inflammation of the pleural membrane. |
| Mantoux test | Intradermal test to determine tuberculin sensitivity. |
| sweat test | Measurement of the amount of salt in sweat, used to diagnose CF. |
| spirometry | Measurement of ventilator ability by assessing lung capacity and flow. |
| oximetry | Method of monitoring the percent of Hb saturated with O2. |
| diffuse | Moving or spreading out of a substance at random. |
| pulmonary function test (PFTs) | Multiple tests used to evaluate the ability of the lungs to take in and expel air. |
| epistaxis | Nosebleed. |
| lung scan | Nuclear scanning test primarily used to detect pulmonary emboli. |
| postural drainage | Positioning a patient so that gravity aids in the drainage of secretions from the bronchi and lobes of the lungs. |
| antitussive | Relieve or suppress coughing. |
| bronchospasms | Spasms in the bronchial passage. |
| bronchodilators | Stimulate bronchial muscles to relax and expand air passages. |
| thoracentesis | Surgical puncture and drainage of the pleural cavity. |
| carbon dioxide (CO2) | Tasteless, colourless, odourless gas produced by body cells during the metabolic process. |
| oxygen (O2) | Tasteless, colourless, odourless gas essential for human respiration. |
| apnea | Temporary loss of breathing. |
| arterial blood gases (ABG) | Test that measures PO2, PCO2, pH and bicarbonate level of an arterial blood sample. |
| throat culture | Test used to identify pathogens, especially group A streptococci. |
| visceral pleura | The innermost layer lying next to the lung. |
| parietal pleura | The outermost layer, lining the lung. |
| percussion | The process of gently tapping with the fingers to determine position, size or consistency of an underlying structure. |
| auscultation | The process of listening to body sounds, especially in the chest, with the use of a stethoscope. |
| oxygenation | The process of providing the body with adequate amounts of oxygen |
| pharynx | Throat. |
| alive | Viable. |
| Laryngoscopy | Visual examination of the larynx. |
| mediastinoscopy | Visual examination of the mediastinal structures. |
| Larynx | Voice box. |
| Wheeze | Whistling or sighing sound heard on auscultation. |
| trachea | Windpipe. |
Created by:
Barbara Ross
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