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Yellow Module
Yellow Module Respiratory Review
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Describe the nasal cavity. | Chamber lined with mucous membranes and tiny cilia. |
What are olfactory neurons? | Receptors for the sense of smell. |
What happens to CO2 as it enters pulmonary capillaries? | It diffuses from the blood within the pulmonary capillaries and enters alveolar spaces. |
What happens to the diaphragm when we breathe? | Contracts during inspirations Relaxes during expiration. |
What is external respiration? | Exchange of O2 and CO2 between the alveoli and the blood in pulmonary capillaries. |
What is internal respiration? | Exchange of O2 and CO2 between the body cells and the blood in systemic capillaries. |
What is pulmonary ventilation? | Breathing. |
Describe the transport of respiratory gases? | When blood transports CO2 to the lungs and O2 to the body cells. |
What is the respiratory system responsible for? | Exchange of O2 and CO2. |
What are exudates? | Fluid that is usually high in protein and often contains blood and immune cells. |
What are transudates? | Non-inflammatory fluid that resembles serum but with slightly less protein. |
What are the causes of asthma? | Allergens, irritants, stress, cold, exercise. |
What are the three major disorders included in COPD? | Asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema. |
What is emphysema? | Characterized by decreased elasticity of the alveoli. |
ABG | arterial blood gases |
AFB | acid-fast bacillus |
AP | anteroposterior |
ARDS | acute respiratory distress syndrome |
CO2 | carbon dioxide |
COPD | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
CPR | cardiopulmonary resuscitation |
CT | computed tomography |
DPI | dry powder inhaler |
FVC | forced vital capacity |
Hb | hemoglobin |
HMD | hyaline membrane disease |
Hx | history |
IRDS | infant respiratory distress syndrome |
MDI | metered-dose inhaler |
NMT | nebulized mist treatment |
O2 | oxygen |
PFT | pulmonary function tests |
PND | paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea |
RDS | respiratory distress syndrome |
SOB | shortness of breath |
T&A | tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy |
TB | tuberculosis |
TPR | temperature, pulse, respirations |
URI | upper respiratory infection |
VC | vital capacity |
DPT | diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus |
SIDS | sudden infant death syndrome |
cystic fibrosis | hereditary disease of the exocrine glands, effects respiratory system, pancreas and sweat glands. |
rhonchus | Abnormal breath sounds heard on auscultation. |
crackle | Abnormal respiratory sound heard on auscultation. Also called rafe. |
anosmia | Absence of the sense of smell. |
pertussis | Acute infectious disease characterized by a cough that has a "whoop" sound. |
tuberculosis (TB) | An infectious disease caused by inhaling viable tubercle bacilli: aka acid-fast bacillus. |
pneumonia | An inflammatory disease of the lungs caused by bacteria, viruses, disease, chemicals, etc. |
antihistamine | Block histamines from binding with histamine receptor sites in tissues. |
atelectasis | Collapsed or airless state of the lung, may be acute or chronic. |
palatine tonsils | Collection of lymphatic tissue within the oropharynx. |
asphyxia | Condition caused by insufficient intake of oxygen. |
pneumoconiosis | Disease caused by inhaling dust particles. |
compliance | Ease with which lung tissue can be stretched. |
pleural effusion | Excess fluid in the pleural cavity. |
pleurectomy | Excision of part of the pleura. |
pneumectomy | Excision of a lung. |
viscous | Extremely thick. |
stridor | High-pitched, harsh, adventitious breath sound. |
thoracic (chest) x-ray | Images of the chest taken from AP, PA and lateral views. |
pleurisy | Inflammation of the pleural membrane. |
Mantoux test | Intradermal test to determine tuberculin sensitivity. |
sweat test | Measurement of the amount of salt in sweat, used to diagnose CF. |
spirometry | Measurement of ventilator ability by assessing lung capacity and flow. |
oximetry | Method of monitoring the percent of Hb saturated with O2. |
diffuse | Moving or spreading out of a substance at random. |
pulmonary function test (PFTs) | Multiple tests used to evaluate the ability of the lungs to take in and expel air. |
epistaxis | Nosebleed. |
lung scan | Nuclear scanning test primarily used to detect pulmonary emboli. |
postural drainage | Positioning a patient so that gravity aids in the drainage of secretions from the bronchi and lobes of the lungs. |
antitussive | Relieve or suppress coughing. |
bronchospasms | Spasms in the bronchial passage. |
bronchodilators | Stimulate bronchial muscles to relax and expand air passages. |
thoracentesis | Surgical puncture and drainage of the pleural cavity. |
carbon dioxide (CO2) | Tasteless, colourless, odourless gas produced by body cells during the metabolic process. |
oxygen (O2) | Tasteless, colourless, odourless gas essential for human respiration. |
apnea | Temporary loss of breathing. |
arterial blood gases (ABG) | Test that measures PO2, PCO2, pH and bicarbonate level of an arterial blood sample. |
throat culture | Test used to identify pathogens, especially group A streptococci. |
visceral pleura | The innermost layer lying next to the lung. |
parietal pleura | The outermost layer, lining the lung. |
percussion | The process of gently tapping with the fingers to determine position, size or consistency of an underlying structure. |
auscultation | The process of listening to body sounds, especially in the chest, with the use of a stethoscope. |
oxygenation | The process of providing the body with adequate amounts of oxygen |
pharynx | Throat. |
alive | Viable. |
Laryngoscopy | Visual examination of the larynx. |
mediastinoscopy | Visual examination of the mediastinal structures. |
Larynx | Voice box. |
Wheeze | Whistling or sighing sound heard on auscultation. |
trachea | Windpipe. |