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Yellow Module
Cardiovascular Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Describe capillaries | -join arterial system with venous system -most significant -provide cells with vital products -remove waste products from cells |
| Describe the heart | hollow, muscular organ lying in the mediastinum that propels blood to the entire body |
| Describe the SA node | -locate in upper portion of the right atrium -has its own built-in rhythm -ability to initiate and transmit each heartbeat -sets the basic pace for the cardiac rate` |
| How do veins return blood to the heart | -skeletal muscle contraction -gravity -respiratory activity -valves |
| How is blood supplied to the heart muscle | coronary arteries |
| Name the factors that influence blood pressure | -resistance of blood flow -pumping action of heart -viscosity of blood -elasticity of arteries -quanity of blood |
| Name the four structures responsible for electrical conduction of the heart | -SA node -AV node -bundle of His -Purkinje fibers |
| Name the three layers of the heart | -endocardium -myocardium -epicardium |
| What are the three layers of artery walls | -tunica externa -tunica media -tunica intima |
| What are the three major types of blood vessels | -artery -capillary -vein |
| what are valves | small structures within the veins that prevent backflow of blood |
| What is endocarditis | inflammation of the inner lining of the heart and its valves |
| What type of blood do arteries carry | oxygenated |
| What type of blood do veins carry | deoxygenated |
| Where is each heart valve located | tricuspid -right ventricle and right atrium pulmonic -pulmonary arteries and right ventricle bicuspid (mitral) -left atrium and left ventricle aortic -aorta and left ventricle |
| Any endovascular procedure that reopens narrowed blood vessels | angioplasty |
| Applying controlled electrical shock to the exterior of the chest | cardioversion |
| Blood clot that forms in the deep veins of the body | deep vein thrombosis (DVT) |
| Blood clot that obstructs a vessel | thrombosis |
| Blood passes from the left atrium to the left ventricle; aka mitral valve | bicuspid valve |
| Carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs | pulmonary artery |
| Carries oxygenated blood back to the heart from the lungs | pulmonary vein |
| Causes a decrease of heart rate and contractility | beta-blockers |
| Collects and carries deoxygenated blood from the lower portion to the right atrium | inferior vena cava |
| Collects and carries deoxygenated blood from the top portion to the right atrium | superior vena cava |
| Condition which develops when the valves of the veins are damaged | varicose veins |
| Consistently elevated blood pressure | hypertension |
| Decreased blood pressure | hypotension |
| Destruction of a blood clot | thrombolysis |
| Destruction of conductive tissue of the heart | catheter ablation |
| Destruction of tissue | necrosis |
| Device used to hold open vessels | stent |
| Dilate blood vessels of the heart | nitrates |
| ECG, recording system capable of storing to hours of tracing | Holter monitor |
| Fibrous sac which encloses the heart | pericardium |
| Form of arteriosclerosis characterized by deposits of plaque in arteries | atherosclerosis |
| Hardening and narrowing of an artery | arteriosclerosis |
| Inability of the heart to maintain a normal sinus rhythm | arrhythmia |
| Inability of the valves to close properly | insufficiency |
| Incision of a valve to increase the size of the opening | valvotomy |
| Increase excretion of water and sodium | diuretics |
| Inflammation of a vein | phlebitis |
| Inner most layer of the heart | endocardium |
| Intermittent chest pain | angina |
| Life-threatening condition characterized by necrosis in the myocardium | myocardial infarction (MI) |
| Local and temporary deficiency of blood supply | ischemia |
| Localized abnormal dilation of a blood vessel | aneurysm |
| Located between the right atrium and right ventricle | tricuspid valve |
| Lowers blood pressure | angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors |
| Lowers cholesterol | statins |
| Mass lodged in a blood vessel | embolism |
| Muscular layer of the heart | myocardium |
| Narrowing of a vessel | coarctation |
| Necrosis of tissue following cessation of blood supply | infarction |
| Outer most layer of the heart | epicardium |
| Passage of a catheter into the heart | cardiac catheterization |
| Prevents backflow of blood into the right ventricle | pulmonic valve |
| Procedure used to remove or treat varicose veins | laser ablation |
| Sensation that the heart is not beating normally | palpitation |
| Series of tests used to asses risk of ischemic heart disease | lipid panel |
| Soft blowing sound heard on auscultation | bruit |
| The contraction phase of the heart | systole |
| The relaxation phase of the heart | diastole |
| Ultrasound that assesses different areas of the heart | Doppler ultrasound |
| Ultrasound used to visualize internal cardiac structures | echocardiogram |
Created by:
DawnLangridge
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