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Yellow Module
Yellow Module Cardiac Reveiw
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Descibe carpillaries. | Join arterial system with venous system. Most significant. Provides cells with vital products. Remove waste products from cells. |
Describe the heart. | A hollow muscular organ lying in the mediastinum that propels blood to the entire body. |
Describe the SA node. | Located in upper portion of right atrium. Has built in rhythm. Initiates and transmits each heart beat. Sets basic pace for cardiac rate. |
How do veins return blood to the heart. | Skeletal muscle contractions Gravity Respiratory activity Valves |
How is blood supplied to the heart muscle? | Coronary arteries. |
Name the factors that influence blood pressure. | Resistance of blood flow Pumping action of heart Viscosity of blood Elasticity of arteries Quantity of blood |
Name four structures responsible for electrical conduction of the heart. | SA node AV node Bundle of His Purkinje Fibers |
AAA | abdominal aortic aneurysm |
ACE | angiotensin converting enzyme |
AF | atrial fibrillation |
BBB | bundle branch block |
CABG | coronary artery bypass graft |
CC | cardiac catherization |
CCU | coronary care unit |
CPR | cardopulmonary resuscitation |
CV | cardiovascular |
DOE | dyspnea on exertion |
DVT | deep vein thrombosis |
ECG | electrocardiogram |
ECHO | echocardiogram |
EF | ejection fraction |
HF | heart failure |
HTN | hypertension |
IV | intervenous |
LA | left atrium |
LV | left ventricle |
MRA | magnetic resonance angiography |
MRI | magnetic resonance imaging |
MVP | mitral valve prolapse |
PAC | premature atrial contraction |
PVC | premature vascular contraction |
SA | sinoatrial |
SOB | shortness of breath |
VT | ventricular tachycardia |
angioplasty | Any endovascular procedure that reopens narrowed blood vessels. |
cardioversion | Applying controlled electrical shoeck to the exterior of the chest. |
DVT deep vein thrombosis | Blood clot that forms in the deep veins of the body. |
thrombosis | Blood clot that obstructs a vessel. |
bicuspid valve | Blood passes from the left atrium to the left ventricle; aka mitral valve. |
pulmonary artery | Carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs. |
pulmonary vein | Carries oxygenated blood back to the heart from the lungs. |
beta blockers | Causes a decrease of heart rate and contractility. |
inferior vena cava | Collects and carries deoxygenated blood from the lower portion to the righ atrium. |
Superior vena cava | Collects and carries deoxygenated blood from the top portion to the right atrium. |
varicose veins | Condition which develops when the valves of the veins are damaged. |
hypertension | Consistently elevated blood pressure. |
hypotension | Decreased blood pressure. |
thrombolysis | Destruction of a blood clot. |
catheter ablation | Destruction of conductive tissue of the heart. |
necrosis | Destruction of tissue. |
stent | Devise used to hold open vessels. |
nitrates | Dilate blood vessels to the heart. |
Holter monitor | ECG recording system capable of storing 24 - 48 hours of tracings. |
pericardium | Fibrous sac which encloses the heart. |
atherosclerosis | Form of arteriosclerosis characterized by deposits of plaque in arteries. |
arteriosclerosis | Hardening and narrowing of an artery. |
arrhythmia | Inability of the heart to maintain a normal sinus rhythm. |
insufficiency | Inability of the valves to close properly. |
valvotomy | Incision of a valve to increase the size of the opening. |
diuretics | Increase excretion of water and sodium. |
phlebitis | Inflammation of a vein. |
endocardium | Innermost layer of the heart. |
angina | Intermittent chest pain. |
MI myocardium infarction | Life-threatening condition characterized by necrosis in the myocardium. |
ischemic | Local and temporary deficiency of blood supply. |
aneurysm | Localized abnormal dilation of a blood vessel. |
tricuspid valve | Located between the right atrium and right ventricle. |
ACE inhibitors (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors) | Lowers blood pressure. |
statins | Lowers cholesterol. |
embolism | Mass lodged in a blood vessel. |
myocardium | Muscular layer of the heart. |
coarction | Narrowing of a vessel. |
infarction | Necrosis of tissue following cessation of blood supply. |
epicardium | Outermost layer of the heart. |
cardiac catheterization | Passage of a catheter into the heart. |
Name the three layers of the heart. | Endocardium Myocardium Epicardium |
What are the three layers of artery walls? | Tunica externa Tunica media Tunica intima |
pulmonic valve | Prevents backflow of blood into the right ventricle. |
laser ablation | Procedure used to remove or treat varicose veins. |
palpitation | Sensation that the heart is not beating normally. |
lipid panel | Series of tests used to assess risk of ischemic heart disease. |
bruit | Soft blowing sound heard on auscultation. |
systole | The contraction phase of the heart. |
diastole | The relaxation phase of the heart. |
Doppler U/S | Ultrasound that assesses different areas of the heart. |
echocardiogram | Ultrasound used to visualize internal cardiac structures. |
CHD | coronary heart disease |