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A&P1-6 Nervous Sys
Ch 6: Nervous System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Action potential | Flow of electricity along an axon of a neuron in one direction – from the trigger zone to the synaptic knob |
| Afferent | Sensory neurons carry receiving/incoming messages to the brain or spinal cord in the nervous system |
| Autonomic | Nerve message sent to glands, cardiac muscle of the heart, or smooth muscle of hollow organs & blood vessels |
| Axon | Portion of a neuron that carries electrical impulses along its length from the cell body to the synaptic knobs at the end of the neuron |
| Bipolar | Neuron. Type of sensory neuron with one dendrite and one axon; found in the nasal cavity, retina, inner ear |
| Cerebrospinal fluid | Fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord that is made by ependymal cells lining cavities in the brain called ventricles |
| Decremental | Decrease with distance (effects of a local potential decrease with distance; therefore a local potential is also decremental) |
| Dendrite | Portion of a neuron that receives information |
| Depolarize | To change the charge across the cell membrane of a neuron by the flow of sodium into the cell |
| Efferent | Motor neurons carry sending/outgoing messages away from the brain or spinal cord in the nervous system |
| Multipolar | Neurons. The most common type of neuron in the brain and spinal cord; has multiple dendrites and an axon that may or may not have a collateral branch |
| Myelin | A lipid-rich intermittent covering over the axons of some neurons. Gaps in the myelin sheath are called nodes of Ranvier |
| Neuroglia | Cells that aid neurons in their functions (support cells for each neuron "nerve glue") |
| Parasympathetic | Division of the autonomic nervous system that sends electrical messages to carry out functions for vegetative activities such as digestion, defecation, and urination |
| Reflex | An involuntary, predictable, motor response to a stimulus without conscious thought |
| Repolarize | To change the charge across the cell membrane of a neuron by the opening of potassium channels to allow the flow of potassium |
| Resting membrane potential | A difference in charge across the cell membrane of a neuron created by the presence of many large negative ions inside the cell and many positive sodium ions outside the cell |
| Sympathetic | Division of the autonomic nervous system that sends electrical messages to prepare the body for physical activity often referred to as fight or flight |
| Synapse | Junction formed by the neuron’s synaptic knob with another cell (gland cell, muscle cell, or dendrite of another neuron) |
| Unipolar | Neuron. Type of sensory neuron that appears to have one process that serves as dendrite and axon with the cell body pushed off to the side |
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teribere
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