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HlTH ch. 8
circulatory system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| arteriol | arteriole |
| phlebo | vein |
| pulmono | lung |
| septo | septum; partition |
| -ole | small |
| artery | carry oxygen rich blood to body tissues |
| vain | carry oxygen poor blood back to the heart |
| capillaries | microscopic blood vessels that receive blood from arterioles |
| venules | join capillaries and veins |
| systemic circulation | general circulation, carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the tissues of the body and returns the blood with much of its oxygen exchanged for carbon dioxide back to the heart |
| pulmonary circulation | circuit that blood makes from the heart to the lungs for the purpose of ridding the body of carbon dioxide and piking up oxygen |
| mediastinum | an area in the chest cavity between the lungs |
| coronary | encircling in the manner of a crown; arteries that supply blood to the heart |
| myocardium | middle layer of the heart |
| visceral pericardium | aka epicardium, lies on the surface of the heart |
| parietal pericardium | outer, tougher layer |
| pericardial cavity | space between the visceral pericardium and parietal pericardium |
| septum | partition that separates right and left chambers of the heart |
| phlebotomy venipuncture | opening of a vein to draw blood for laboratory analysis |
| inferior vena cava | blood from the trunk and legs enter heart |
| superior vena cava | blood from head and arms enters heart |
| vena cava bring blood to which chamber of the heart? | right artrium |
| the right artrium contracts to force blood through the BLANK into the right ventricle | tricuspid valve |
| the left artrium contracts and forces blood into the left ventricle via the BLANK | mitral valve aka bicuspid valve |
| valvula | certain small valves in the body |
| tricuspid valve | located between the right atrium and right ventricle. |
| bicuspid valve/mitral valve | between the left atrium and left ventricle |
| cuspid | refers to the little flaps of tissue that make up the valve |
| sinoartrial node | SA node located at the junction of the right atrium and the superior vena cava. Natural pacemaker of the heart. |
| Artrioventricular node | located near the septal wall between the left and right atria. specialized heart muscle fiber that receive impulses form the sinoatrial node and transmit them to the bundle of his |
| systole | ventricles contract |
| diastole | relaxation of ventricles |
| holter monitor | portable electrocardiograph that a person can wear while conducting normal daily activities |
| low density proteins LDL | associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease |
| high density proteins HDL | associated with decreased cardiac risk |
| lactate dehydrogenase test | blood test to assess heart damage |
| creatine kinase test | blood test to assess heart damage |
| transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) | endoscopic/ultrasound test that provides ultra sonic imaging of the heart form a retrocardiac vantage point |
| positron emission tomography | computerized radiographic technique that uses radioactive substances to examine the myocardial metabolic activity |
| coronary angiography | radiography of the hart and its vessels by injection of radiopaque contrast medium directly into the coronary arteries |
| digital subtraction angiography, DSA | computer enhanced radiographic images of blood vessels filled with contrast |
| myocarditis | cardiomyopathy that results in insufficient oxygen, damaged valves, or high blood pressure |
| de | down, from, or reversing |
| -stenosis | narrowing, stricture |
| patent ductus arteriosus | abnormal opening between the pulmonary artery and aorta |
| coarctation of the aorta | narrowing of a part of the aorta |
| tetralogy of fallot | four congenital heart defects named for the french physician |
| heart murmurs | abnormal heart sounds |
| heart flutters | rapid contractions of either the arita or the ventricles |
| palpitations | subjective sensations of a pounding heart |
| ventricular fibrillation | severe cardiac arrhythmia, ventricular contractions are too rapid and uncoordinated for effective blood circulation |
| fibrillation | cardiac arrhythmia marked by rapid, uncoordinated contractions |
| heart block | impairment in the conduction of the impulse from the SA node to the other parts of the heart |
| paroxysmal atrial tachycardia (PAT) | palpitations and racing heart beat that occur and stop suddenly |
| atrioventricular block | disorder of impulse transmission between the atria and ventricles |
| ischemia | insufficient blood flow to an area |
| myocardial infarction (MI) | necrosis of a portion of cardiac muscle caused obstruction or blood clot in pulmonary artery. Areas of myocardium die from lack of oxygen |
| infarct | localized area of damaged tissue resulting from anoxia |
| congestive heart failure (CHF) | AKA congestive heart disease. abnormal condition that reflects impaired cardiac function |
| mitral valve prolapse | weakening of one or both mitral cusps when the heart contracts |
| effusion | escape of fluid into a part, such as a cavity |
| cardiac tamponade | compression of the heart |
| shock | life threatening, inadequate blood flow to the body's tissues |
| athero | yellowish, fatty plaque |
| aneurysm | localized dilation or ballooning out of the wall of a blood vessel |
| aortic regurgitation | aka aortic insufficiency, blood flows back into the left ventricle during diastole because the aortic valve does not close completely |
| arteriosclerosis | thickening and loss of elasticity of walls of arteries |
| sclerosis | abnormal hardening of tissue |
| atherosclerosis | a form of arteriosclerosis, characterized by formation of fatty deposits on the walls of the arteries |
| coronary artery disease CAD | condition of the coronary arteries that causes a reduced flow of oxygen and nutrients to the myocardium |
| coronary occlusion | obstruction or blockage of a coronary artery |
| peripheral vascular disease | blockage or narrowing of arteries |
| phlebostasis | spontaneous slowing down of blood flow in a vein |
| tourniquet | device applied around an extremity to control circulation and prevent flow of blood to or from the extremities |
| cardiac pacemaker | small battery powered device that is used to increase the heart rate by electrically stimulating the heart muscle |
| cardio version | uses electric shock to restore the normal rhythm of the heart with a device that delivers a direct current shock |
| cardioplegia solutions | used to stop the hearts action so that surgery may be performed |
| coronary artery bypass | open heart surgery; prosthesis or section of a blood vessel is grafted onto one of the coronary arteries |
| coronary artery bypass graft | vessel from another part of the patients body used as an alternate route for blood to circumvent the obstructed coronary artery. CABG (cabbage) |
| bypass | aka shunt |
| percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) | management of any coronary artery occlusions by andy of the catheter based techniques |
| percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) | catheter equipped with an inflatable balloon tip is inserted into a partially occluded coronary artery |
| intracoronary stent | sometimes inserted during PTCA to treat abrupt or threaten closure of a coronary artery |
| stents | sometimes containing drugs to discourage blood clots, expandable mesh like structures that are placed over the angioplarsty site to keep the vessel open |
| atherectomy | specially designed catheter for cutting away plaque from the lining of an artery |
| endarterectomy | surgical excision of arteriosclerotic plaque form inner wall of an obstructed artery |
| intravascular thrombolysis | use of a catheter to deliver a thrombolytic agent to dissolve a blood clot |
| sclerotherapy | direct injection of a sclerosing agent, used for varicose vains |
| beta blockers | drugs given after myocardial infarction to allow heart to work less |
| calcium channel blockers | drugs that help diminish muscle spasms |
| digoxin | well-known cardiac drug, obtained from leaves of digitalis lanata |
| diuretics | meds that are used in the treatment of hypertension, reduce blood volume through excretion of water by the kidneys |
| heparin | antithrombin, prevents intravascular clotting. |
| nitroglycerin | coronary vasodilator |
| lymphadeno | lymph node |
| lymphangio | lymph vessel |
| lymphogenous | originating in the lymphatics; producing lymph or produced from lymph |
| cisterna chyli | structures that are formed by the merging of many lymph vessels and their trunks |
| spleen, tonsils, and thymus | contain lymphatic tissue and are specialized lymphatic organs |
| tonsils | small masses of lymphatic tissue |
| lingual | pertaining to the tongue |
| lymphogram | picture produced in lymphography |
| lymphedema | swelling of the subcutaneous tissue of an extremity as a result of obstruction |
| adeno | gland |
| splenorrhaphy | suture of the spleen |
Created by:
btuehara
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