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Purple Module
Reverse definitions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| vestibule | A chamber that joins the cochlea and semicircular canals. |
| eustachian tube | A tube which connects the nose and the throat with the cavity of the middle ear. |
| refraction | Ability to bend light rays as they pass from one medium to another. |
| epiphora | Abnormal overflow of tears. |
| accommodation | Adjustment of the eye for various distances so that the images fall on the retina of the eye. |
| cycloplegic agents | Agents which paralyze ciliary muscles, causing dilation of the pupils. |
| retinopathy | Any disorder of retinal blood vessels. |
| humor | Any fluid or semifluid of the body. |
| conduction impairment | Blocking of sound waves as they pass through the external and middle ear. |
| retinitis pigmentosum | Chronic progressive disease of degeneration of the retina and atrophy of the optic nerve. |
| trachoma | Chronic, contagious form of conjunctivitis common in the southwestern U.S. that typically leads to blindness. |
| acuity | Clearness or sharpness of a sensory function. |
| anacusis | Complete deafness; also called anacusia. |
| noise-induced hearing loss | Condition caused by the destruction of hair cells, the organs responsible for hearing, caused by sounds that are "too long, too loud or too close" |
| otoplasty | Corrective surgery for a deformed or excessively large or small pinna. |
| blepharoplasty | Cosmetic surgery that removes fatty tissue above and below the eyes that commonly form as a result of the aging process or excessive exposure to the sun. |
| dacryocystorhinostomy | Creation of an opening into the nose for draining of tears. |
| astigmatism | Defective curvature of the cornea or lens. |
| otopyorrhea | Discharge of pus from the ear. |
| Meniere disease | Disorder of the labyrinth that leads to progressive loss of hearing. |
| diabetic | Disorder that occurs in patients with diabetes and is manifested by small hemorrhages, edema, and formation of new vessels on the retina, leading to scarring and eventual loss of vision. |
| otalgia | Ear pain. |
| fluorescein angiography | Evaluation of blood vessels and their leakage in and beneath the retina after injection of fluorescein dye, which circulates while photographs of the vessels within the eye are obtained. |
| tonometry | Evaluation of intraocular pressure by measuring the resistance of the eyeball to indentation by an applied force. |
| retinoscopy | Evaluation of refractive errors of the eye by projecting a light into the eyes and determining the movement of reflected light rays. |
| tuning fork test | Evaluation of sound conduction using a vibrating tuning fork. |
| ectropion | Eversion, or outward turning, of the edge of the lower eyelid. |
| gonioscopy | Examination of the angle of the anterior chamber of the eye to determine ocular motility and rotation and diagnose and manage glaucoma. |
| perilymph | Fluid that very closely resembles spinal fluid but found in the cochlea. |
| ear irragation | Flushing of the ear canal with water or saline to dislodge foreign bodies or impacted cerumen. |
| cyclodialysis | Formation of an opening between the anterior chamber and the suprachoroidal space for the draining of aqueous humor in glaucoma. |
| nyctalopia | Impaired vision in dim light; also called night blindness. |
| prebyacusis | Impairment of hearing resulting from old age; also called presbyacusia. |
| radial keratotomy | Incision of the cornea for treatment of nearsightedness or astigmatism. |
| otitis externa | Infection of the external auditory canal. |
| labyrinthitis | Inflammation of the inner ear that usually results from an acute febrile process. |
| pressure-equalizing tube placement | Insertion of tubes through the tympanic membrane, commonly used to treat chronic otitis media; also called tympanostomy tubes or ventilation tubes. |
| entropion | Inversion or inward turning of the edge of the lower eyelid. |
| tunic | Layer or coat of tissue; also called membrane layer |
| photopigment | Light-sensitive pigment in the retinal cones and rods that absorbs light and initiates the visual process; also called visual pigment. |
| hordeolum | Localized, circumscribed, inflammatory swelling of one of the several sebaceous glands of the eyelid, generally caused by a bacterial infection; also called stye. |
| presbyopia | Loss of accommodation of the crystalline lens associated with the aging process. |
| audiometry | Measurement of hearing acuity at various sound wave frequencies. |
| electronystagmography (ENG) | Method of assessing and recording eye movements by measuring the electrical activity of the extraocular muscles. |
| phacoemulsification | Method of treating cataracts by using ultrasonic waves to disintegrate a cloudy lens, which is then aspirated and removed. |
| visual acuity (VA) test | Part of an eye examination that determines the smallest letters that can be read on a standardized chart at a distance of 20 feet. |
| tinnitus | Perception of ringing, hissing, or other sounds in the ears or head when no external sound is present. |
| olfactory | Pertaining to smell. |
| cochlear implant insertion | Placement of an artificial hearing device that produces hearing sensations by electrically stimulating nerves inside the inner ear; also called bionic ear. |
| pneumatic | Prolapse of the eyelid. |
| tympanoplasty | Reconstruction of the eardrum, commonly due to perforation; also called myringoplasty. |
| enucleation | Removal of the eyeball from the orbit. |
| vertigo | Sensation of a spinning motion either of oneself or of the surroundings. |
| labyrinth | Series of intricate communicating passages. |
| achromatopsia | Severe congenital deficiency in colour perception; also called complete colour blindness. |
| chalazion | Small, hard tumour developing on the eyelid, somewhat similar to a sebaceous cyst. |
| slit-lamp examination | Stereoscopic magnified view of the anterior eye structures in detail, which includes the cornea, lens, iris, sclera, and vitreous humor. |
| opaque | Substance or surface that neither transmits nor allows the passage of light. |
| sclerostomy | Surgical formation of an opening in the sclera. |
| mastoid antrotomy | Surgical opening of a cavity within the mastoid process. |
| papilledema | Swelling and hyperemia of the optic disc, usually associated with increased intracranial pressure; also called choked disc. |
| caloric stimulation test | Test that uses different water temperatures to assess the vestibular portion of the nerve of the inner ear to determine if nerve damage is the cause of vertigo. |
| adnexa | Tissues or structures in the body adjacent to or near a related structure. |
| Rinne | Tuning fork test that evaluates bone conduction of sound in both ears at the same time. |
| Weber | Tuning fork test that evaluates bone conduction verses air conduction of sound. |
| nystagmus | Type of involuntary eye movements that appear jerky and may reduce vision or be associated with other, more serious conditions that limit vision. |
| photophobia | Unusual intolerance and sensitivity to light. |
| metamorphopsia | Visual distortion of objects. |
| equilibrium | A state of balance, controlled by the semicircular canals and the vestibule. |
| cerumen | A waxy secretion produced by the glands of the external ear canal to prevent the entrance of tiny foreign particles. |
| glaucoma | Accumulation of aqueous humor in the eye. |
| ametropia | An error in refraction causing poor focus. |
| strabismus | Condition in which one eye is misaligned with the other or out of synchrony. |
| ophthalmic decongestants | Constrict the small arterioles of the eye, decreasing redness and relieving conjunctival congestion. |
| antiglaucoma agents | Decrease aqueous humor production by constricting the pupil to open the angle between the iris and cornea. |
| corectasis | Dilation of the pupil. |
| iridectomy | Excision of the iris. |
| hyperopia | Farsightedness. |
| dacryorrhea | Flow of tears. |
| otosclerosis | Hardening of the spongy bone around the oval window of the ear, causing hearing loss. |
| audition | Hearing. |
| conjuctivitis | Inflammation of the conjunctiva with vascular congestion, producing a red or pink eye and may be secondary to allergy or viral, bacterial, or fungal infections. |
| eustachitis | Inflammation of the Eustachian tube. |
| iritis | Inflammation of the iris. |
| otitis media | Inflammation of the middle ear. |
| pressure-equalizing tube placement | Insertion of tubes through the tympanic membrane, commonly used to treat chronic otitis media; also called tympanostomy tubes or ventilation tubes. |
| ophthalmic antibiotics | Inhibit growth of microorganisms that infect the eye. |
| esotropia | Inward turning of the eye(s). |
| amblyopia | Lazy eye syndrome. |
| anosmia | Loss of sense of smell. |
| electronystagmography (ENG) | Method of assessing and recording eye movements by measuring the electrical activity of the extraocular muscles. |
| ciliary muscles | Muscles which relax or contract to alter the shape of the lens, making it thicker or thinner, thus enabling the light rays to focus upon the retina. |
| mastoid process | One of the temporal bones which encloses the sinuses. |
| stapes | One of the three bones of the middle ear; shaped like stirrups. |
| malleus | One of the three bones of the middle ear; shaped like a hammer. |
| incus | One of the three bones of the middle ear; shaped like an anvil. |
| semicircular canals | One of the three structures of the inner ear; responsible for balance. |
| optometrist | One who specializes in eye measurements. |
| cataracts | Opacities on the lens or the capsule that encloses the lens, causing loss of vision. |
| exotropia | Outward turning of the eye (s). |
| ophthalmoplegia | Paralysis of the eye. |
| lacrimal | Pertaining to a tear. |
| otic analgesics | Provide temporary relief from pain and inflammation associated with otic disorders. |
| ear canal | Slender tube lined with glands, through which sound waves travel to the middle ear. |
| chalazion | Small, hard tumour developing on the eyelid, somewhat similar to a sebaceous cyst. |
| cochlea | Snail-shaped inner ear structure. |
| ophthalmic moisturizers | Soothe dry eyes due to environmental irritants and allergens. |
| keratocentesis | Surgical puncture of the cornea. |
| gustation | Taste. |
| cornea | The clear, transparent portion of the sclera, anterior to the lens. |
| sclera | The white of the eye, composed of a tough, fibrous tissue which serves as a protective shield for the more sensitive structures underneath. |
| ossicles | Three tiny articulating bones in the middle ear. |
| hairs of Corti | Tiny nerve ending within the cochlea which combine with cochlear fluid to generate nerve impulses to the brain via the auditory nerve. |
| antiemetics | Treat and prevent nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and vertigo by reducing the sensitivity of the inner ear to motion or inhibiting stimuli from reaching the part of the brain that triggers nausea and vomiting. |
| intracapsular extraction | Use of a cold metal probe to remove cataracts. |
| otoscopy | Visual examination of the external auditory canal and the tympanic membrane using an otoscope. |
| ophthalmodynamometry | Visual examination of the interior of the eye using a hand-held instrument called an ophthalmoscope, which has various adjustable lenses for magnification and a light source to illuminate the interior of the eye. |
Created by:
Barbara Ross
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