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Chapter 13
Chapter 13: Industrial Revolution
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| The Industrial Revolution | The time when machines helped produce goods faster |
| The textile industry | clothing benefitted from the earliest technology of the Industrial Revolution (water-powered looms, spinning jennies, water frames, etc) |
| the Cotton Gin | this invention removed the stubborn seeds from the fluffy part of the cotton, making the raw material needed to fuel the textile industry. |
| The Steel Plow | invented by John Deere, this would break less, and could carve through earth faster for planting seeds. It was also light enough for a single horse to pull it, rather than a slow ox. |
| The Mechanical Reaper | invented by Cyrus McCormick, this machine could cut down wheat very quickly |
| The Transportation Revolution | Technology was helping to move goods around the country. Canals, steamboats, trains, and faster clipper ships helped more goods move to more people. |
| Canals | Man-made waterways connecting bodies of water, mostly built in the North. See Erie Canal |
| Steamboats | These could move upstream or down, but were quite explosive. They could move people and cargo in much greater quantity than before |
| improved roads | toll roads started to use crushed rock to make roads. This allowed for better drainage and traction. The National Road stretched from Cumberland, Maryland to Colombus, Ohio, then eventually to Illinois. |
| Robert Fulton | inventor of the steamboat |
| Tom Thumb | first American train, invented by Peter Cooper in 1830 |
| power loom | similar to a water frame, it makes weaving faster and with better quality |
| water frame | a water-powered spinning machine (large enough to need a factory setting) |
| interchangeable parts | Whitney's idea of identical parts so more products could be made and repaired on an assembly line |
| mass production | making a series of identical objects |
| Lowell girls | young, usually unmarried women who worked in the textile industry at Lowell's factory in Massachusetts |
| gun challenge | Whitney proved that he could take apart and reassemble guns with interchangeable parts to win a government contract |
| Samuel Slater | mechanic who memorized factory and machine plans so the Industrial Revolution could take place in America as well as GB |
| whole families | This is targeted group for Slater's factory system in Rhode Island |
| unions | groups that were formed to try to protect rights of skilled workers |
| strike | A work stoppage designed to increase rights for workers; often the police sided with the owners |
| Sarah Bagley | worked for a 10 hour work day for regular workers, not just government employees |
| social clubs | One of the benefits of the Lowell system |
| cheaper shipping costs | One of the benefits of the Transportation Revolution |
| Gibbons v. Ogden | court case that gave a federal license more power than a state one |
| telegraph | communication device using magnets and electricity to send coded messages across wires (invented by Samuel Morse) |
| steam powered factories | they could be located anywhere (close to workers, raw materials, railways to ship goods) |
Created by:
johnbacolor
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