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Basic Arrhthmias
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the human heart is a muscle intended to pump blood to the | entire body |
| The two distinct components that make up this process are: | 1.)the electrical impluse that stumulates the heart to contract(beat) 2.)The mechanical contraction(beating)of the heart in response o the electical stimulation,resulting in the pumping of blood |
| Cardiovascular means | pertaining to the heart and blood vessels |
| Arteries are vessels that carry | oxygenated blood |
| Oxygen is abbreviated | O subscript 2(the 2 is lower and smaller) |
| Arterioles are | small arteries |
| Veins are vessels that carry | deoxygenated blood |
| Deoxygenated blood contains carbon dioxide which is abbeviated | COsubscript 2(the 2 is lower and smaller) |
| Venules are | small veins |
| Capillaries are | microscopic arteries and veins |
| Vasodilation means | increased diameter(lumen)of a blood vessel(s) |
| Vasoconstriction means | decreased diameter(lumen)of a blood vessel(s) |
| Deoxygenated blood(CO2)is returned to the heart via the | venae cavae(superior and inferior) |
| The superior and inferior venae cavae are the | larges veins in the body |
| The venae cavae deliver the deoxygenated blood(CO2)to the | right atrium |
| The right atrium is the | superior(upper)right chamber of the heart |
| The deoxygenated blood(COsubscript 2)moves through the tricuspid valve to the | right ventricle |
| The right ventricle is the | inferior(lower)chamber of the heart |
| The right ventricle pumps the deoxygenated blood(CO2)to the | Lungs where respiration takes place |
| Respiration is the | exchange of gases |
| The gases exchanged are oxygen(Osubscript 2)and | carbon dioxide(COsubscript2) |
| The oxygenated blood (Osubscript2)returns from the lungs to the | left atrium |
| The left atrium is the | superior(upper)left chamber of the heart |
| The oxygenated blood(Osubscript2)then moves through the bicuspid valve(mitral valve)to the | left ventricle |
| The left ventricle is the | inferior (lower)left chamber of the heart |
| The left ventricle pumps the oxygenated blood(Osubscript2)through he largest artery of the body called the | aorta |
| The aorta branches off in arteries,arterioles,and capillaries that will distribute the oxygen(Osubscript2)to | all the cells of the body |
| Capillaries, venules, and veins will return te deoxygenated blood(CO2)to the | venae cavea and cardiovascular circuit is complete |
| Normal electrical conduction (transmisson) of the heart follows the following pathway: | 1a.)Sinoatrial(SA)node 2b.)Internodal pathways 3.)Atrioventricular(AV)junction (node) 4.)Bundle of His 5a.)Left Bundle Branch 5b.)Right Bundle Branch 6.)Purkinje Fibers |
| The Sinoatrial(SA)node is located in the | right atrium |
| This electical conduction(transmisson)stumulates the cardiac cells to | contract |
| The electrical patterns of the heart can be detected from the surface of the skin by attaching | electrodes and connecting them to an electrocardiagraph(machine) |
| An abnormal cardiac (heart)rhythm is called an | arrhythmia or dysrhythmia |
| Electrocardiography refers to the study of | arrhythmias or dysrhythmias |
| EKG(ECG)refers to an electrocardiograph(machine)or | electrocardiogram(record) |
| The electrocardiograph(machine)will display te elecrical patterns of the heart on a | telemetry monitor and/or graph paper |
| The electrical activity of the heart is displayed best if you can assure good contact betwee the | electrodes and the skin |
| The can be done by: | 1.)Abrading the skin slightly with an alcohol pad 2.)Removing any obstacles such as dirt or hair |
| The study of shapes is called | morphology |
| The writing point on the electrocardiograph(machine)is called | stylus |
| An electrocardiograph(machine)not connected to the patient will produce a straight line called an | isoelectric line |
| An upright wave on an electrocardiogram(EKG)is called | positive |
| A downward wave on the electrocardiogram(EKG)is called | negative |
| Different electrical views of he heart can be seen by: | 1.)Rearranging the electrodes 2.)Changing the direction(view)of the cardiac electrical impulses received by the elecrocardiograph(machine) |
| Each cardiac electrical view is called a | lead |
| The most common lead used for cardiac monitoring is | lead 11 ( lead 2) |
| The vertical lines on the electrocardiogram(EKG)graph paper represent | time |
| The horizontal lines on the electrocardiogram(EKG)graph paper represent | voltage AKA amplitude |
| Each small square on the ellectrocardiogram(EKG)graph paper represents | 0.04 seconds |
| Each darker square on the electrocardiogram(EKG)graph paper represents | 0.20 seconds |
| Every three seconds on the electrocardiogram(EKG)graph paper is represented by a | tic mark at the top of the graph paper |
| A cardiac cycle consists of a | PQRST |
| The first wave usually seen on a cardiac cycle is the | P wave |
| The P wave represents | atrial depolarization AKA the atrial discharge state |
| The second wave usually seen on the cardiac cycle is the | QRS complex |
| The QRS complex represents | ventricular depolarization AKA the ventricular discharge state |
| A normal QRS complex is | 0.12 seconds or less |
| The last wave usually seen on the cardiac cycle is the | T wave |
| The T wave represents | ventricular repolarization AKA the ventricular recovery state |
| The PRI(PR interval)begins were the P wave leaves the isoelectric line and | ends where the QRS complex begins |
| A normal PR interval (PRI) is | 0.12 to 0.20 seconds |
| Electrical interference sometimes seen on the electrocardiograph(EKG)monitor is called | artifact |
| Artifact can be caused by: | Muscle tremors |
| 60 cycle interference artifact | 60 cycle interference can be caused b electrical interference from other electrical machinery such as: cell phones,an electric shaver,a radio,a floor buffer,video games,an i-pod,an i-pad,etc |
| The regularity of a cardiac rhythm is determined by | measuring the distance from one R wave to the next wave with your calipers and walking he calipers from R wave to R wave |
| If the R to R distance is consistent, the rhythm is | regular |
| If the R to R distance is not consistent, the rhythm is | irregular |
| The Heart Rate(HR)of a regular rhythm is determined by | counting the number of small squares between two R waves AND dividing that number into 1500 |
| The Heart Rate(HR)of an irregular rhythm is determined by | counting the number of R waves in six seconds and multiplying that number by 10 |
| Sinus rhythms are produced by the | Sinoatrial(SA)node |
| The Sinoatrial(SA)node is AKA as the | heart's natural pacemaker |
| The word sinus means the P waves are: | 1.)Upright AKA positive 2.)Uniform which means the P waves have similar morphology(they look alike) 3.)One P wave for every QRS complex |
| In normal Sinus Rhythm(NSR)the rhythm is: | 1.)Regular 2.)The Heart Rate(HR)is 60-100 Beats Per Minute(bpm) 3.)The P waves are upright, uniform, and there is 1 P wave for every QRS complex 4.)The PRI(PR internal)is 0.12-0.20 seconds 5.)The QRS complex is 0.12 seconds or less |
| In sinus bradycardia(SB) the rhythm is: | 1.)Regular 2.)The Heart Rate(HR)is less then 60 Beats Per Minute(bpm) 3.)The P waves are upright,uniform, and there is 1 P wave for every QRS complex 4.)The PRI(PR inerval)is 0.12-0.20 seconds 5.)The QRS complex is 0.12 seconds or less |
| In sinus tachycardia(ST)the rhythm is: | 1.)Regular 2.)The Heart Rate(HR) is between 100-160 Beats per Minute(bpm) 3.)The P waves are upright,uniform, and there is 1 P wave for every QRS complex 4.)The PRI(PR interval)is 0.12-0.20 seconds 5.)The QRS complex is 0.12 seconds or less |
| In Sinus Arrhythmia(SA)the rhythm is: | 1.)Irregular 2.)The Heart Rate(HR) is usually between 60-100 Beats Per Minute(bpm) 3.)The P waves are upright,uniform, and there is 1 P wave for every QRS complex 4.)The PRI(PR interval)is 0.12-0.20 seconds 5.)The QRS complex is 0.12 seconds or les |
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BLM1095
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