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Red Module
endocrine reverse definitions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| diabetes mellitus | a common pancreatic disorder involving insulin secretion into the blood, either in too much or too little quantities |
| dwarfism | a contition of being abnormally small; may be hereditary or an endocrine dysfunction |
| polyphagia | a contition of eating abnormally large amounts of food |
| cortisol | a glucocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex |
| glycosuria | abnormal amount of glucose in the urine |
| thyrotoxicosis | abnormal contition of poisoning of the thyroid |
| hypervolemia | abnormal increase in the volume of blood plasma in the body |
| gigantism | abnormal overgrowth of the entire body caused by hypersecretion of pituitary growth hormone before puberty |
| hypocalcemia | abnormally low amount of calcium in the blood |
| antagonistic | acting in opposition; mutually opposing |
| RAIU-radioactive iodine uptake | administration of radioactive iodine in pill or liquid form is used as a tracer to test how quickly the thyroid gland takes up iodine from the blood |
| epinephrine | adrenaline - produced in the adrenal medulla. Increases heart rate, fat metabolism for energy, and dilates the brochial tubes |
| sumpathomimetic | agent taht mimics the effects of the sympathetic nervous system |
| ketoacidosis | an acute stage of diabetes mellitus characterized by hypotension and eventually, coma |
| pancreas | an organ taht contains groups of cells called the islets of Langerhans which produce endocrine secretions, such as insulin and glucagon |
| serum glucose tests | blood tests to aid in teh diagnosis of insulin deficiency |
| morbid obesity | body mass index of 40 or greater, which is generally 100 or more pounds over ideal body weight |
| Addison disease | chronic disorder of the adrenal glands caused by a deficiency of cortical hormones |
| islets of Langerhans | clusters of cells in the pancreas which produce insulin and glucagon |
| hypercalcemia | condition in which the calcium level in teh glood is higher than normal |
| hyperkalemia | condition in which the potassium level in the blood is higher than normal |
| thyroid storm | crisis of uncontrolled hyperthyroidism caused by the release into the bloodstream of increased amount of thyroid hormone; also called thyroid crisis or thyrotocis crisis |
| insulin tolerance test | diagnostic test in which insulin injected into thevien to assess pituitary function, adrenal function, and to determine insulin sensitivity |
| Cushing syndrome | disorder caused by pyersecretion of the adrenal cortex, resulting in excessive production of steriods |
| thrassphenoidal hypophysectomy | endoscopic procedure to surgically remove a pituitary tumour through an incision in teh sphenoid sinus without disturbing brain tissue |
| obesity | excessive accumulation of fat taht exceeds teh body's skeletal and physical standards,usually an increase of 20 percent or more above ideal body weight |
| hyperinsulinsim | excessive amount of insulin in the blood- insulin shock |
| hyperglycemia | excessive amount of sugar in teh blood |
| hirsutism | excessive distribution of body hair, especially in women |
| hypersecretion | excessive secretion |
| parathyroidectomy | excision of one or more of the parathyroid glands, usually to control hyperparathyroidism |
| thymectomy | excision of the thymus gland |
| thyroidectomy | excision of the entire thyroid gland, a part of it or a single lobe |
| hypokalemia | extreme depletion of potassium in teh blood usually lost in diuresis |
| glucogenesis | formation of glucose from glycogen |
| parathyroid | four separate glands taht are located on teh posterior surface of the lobes of the thyroid gland |
| endocrine glands | glands taht secrete hormomes directly into the blood stream |
| glucagon | hormone produced by pancreatic alpha cells that stimulates the liver to change stored glycogen to glucose |
| insulin | hormone produced by pancreatic beta cells that allows body cells to use glucose for energy or store it in the liver as glycogen |
| mineralocorticoids | hormones in teh adrenal cortex that regulate water and mineral salts in the body |
| somatotropin | human growth hormone found in the anterior pituitary lobe |
| pituitary gland | hypophysis; pea-shaped gland that is located at the base of the brain. |
| thyroid scan | images of the thyroid gland are obtained after oral or intravenous administration of a small dose of radioactive iodine |
| CT (computer tomography) | imaging technique that rotates an x-ray emitter around teh area to be scanned and measures the intensity of transmitted rays from different angles |
| hypersecretion | inadequate secretion |
| growth hormone replacements | increase skeletal growth in children and growth hormone deficiencies in adults |
| diuresis | increaded formation and secretion of urine |
| adrenal medulla | inner section of the adrenal gland which secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine |
| atrophy | lack of development |
| thyroid gland | largest gland on teh endocrine system located in the neck, just below the larynx |
| insulin | lower blood glucose by promoting its entrance into body cells and converting glucose to glycogen |
| hyponatremia | lower than normal level of sodium in the blood |
| virilism | masculinization or development of male secondary sex characteristics in a woman |
| exphthalmometry | measures the degree of forward displacement of the eyeball as seen in Graves disease |
| oral hypoglycemics | medications used to stimulate the pancreas to secrete insulin |
| partial thyroidectomy | method of choice for removing a fibrous, nodular thyroid |
| electrolyte | mineral salts that carry an electrical charge in solution |
| Graves disease | multisystem autoimmune disorder characterized by pronounced hyperthyroidism usually associated with enlarged thyroid gland and exophthlalmos |
| MRI - magnetic resonance imaging | noninvasive imaging tecnique that uses radio waves and strong magnetic field rather than an x-ray beam to produce multiplanar cross-sectional images |
| norepinephrine | noradrenalin; produced in teh adrenal medulla. increases blood pressure and constricts vessels |
| thyroxine (T4) | onoe of the two major hormones produced by the thyroid. Regulates metabolism and energy levels |
| triiodothyronine (T3) | one of the two major hormones produced, stored and released by the thyroid gland |
| adrenal cortex | outer section of the adrenal gland which secretes steroids |
| pineal gland | pine-cone shaped gland taht is attached to the posterior part of the third ventricle of the brain |
| metabolism | processes in which substances are broken down or built up during chemical reactions taht are necessary to maintain life |
| exophthalmos | protrusion of eyes due to swelling in tissues; often associated with Grave's disease |
| acromegaly | rare hormonal disorder in adulthood, usually caused by a GH-secreting pituitary tumour that promotes the soft tissue and bones of the face, hands and feet to grow larger than normal |
| antidiuretics | reduce or control excretion of urine |
| subtotal thyroidectomy | removal of most of the thyroid to relieve hyperthyroidism |
| thyroid supplements | replace or supplement thyroid hormones |
| costicosteriods | replacement hormones lost in adrenal insufficiency |
| (GTT) glucose tolerance test | screening test in which a dose of glucose is administrated and blood samples are taken afterward at regular intervals to determine how quickly glucose is cleared from the blood |
| pheochromocytoma | small chromaffin cell tumour, usually locted in the adrenal medulla, causing elevated heart rate and blood |
| aldosterone | steroid produced in the adrenal cortex. is essential to life. Maintains sodium and potassium levels |
| glucocordicoids | steroids in the adrenal cortex that influence the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates and proteins. |
| glycogen | substance in which carbohydrates are stored in the liver for future conversion into sugar |
| adrenalectomy | surgical excision of an adrenal gland |
| thyroidectomy | surgical excision of the thryroid gland |
| TFT thyroid fasting test | test that detects an increase of decrease in thyroid function |
| FBS | test that measures glucose levels in a blood sample following a fast of at least 8 hours |
| total calcium test | test that measures glucose levels in a blood sample following a fast of at least 8 hours |
| endrocrinology | the study of ductless glands, their secretions, and their function of homeosasis |
| thyrotoxic | thyroid poisoning |
| hypoglycemia | too little sugar in the blood |
| panhypopituitarism | total pituitary impairment that brings about a progressive and general loss of hormonal activity |
| antithyroids | treat hyperthyroidism by impeding the formation of T3 and T4 hormone |
| oral antidiabetics | treat type 2 diabetes mellitus by stimulating the pancreas to produce more insulin and decrease peripheral resistance to insulin |
| adenoma | tour of a gland |
| insulinoma | tumour of the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas |
| adrenal glands | two bean-shaped glands situated on top of the kidneys which secrete steroid and sex hormones |
| thyroid echogram | ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland |
| hypogonadism | underdevelopment of internal secretions of male sex glands |
| antidiuretic hormone | vasepressin: promotes reabsorption of water in the kidneys |
Created by:
deyoht_kwa
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