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088
Gastrointestinal System - Q – Diagnostic Terms & A – Meaning
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ankyloglossia | tongue-tie; a defect of the tongue characterized by a short, thick frenulum (ankyl/o = crooked or stiff) |
| cheilitis | inflammation of the lip |
| esophageal varices | swollen, twisted veins in the esophagus that are especially susceptible to ulceration and hemorrhage |
| esophagitis | inflammation of the esophagus |
| gastritis | inflammation of the stomach |
| gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) | backflow of contents of the stomach into the esophagus, often resulting from abnormal function of the lower esophageal sphincter, causing burning pain in the esophagus |
| gingivitis | inflammation of the gums |
| glossitis | inflammation of the tongue |
| parotiditis | inflammation of the parotid gland; also called mumps |
| peptic ulcer disease (PUD) | sore on the mucous membrane of the stomach, duodenum, or any other part of the gastrointestinal system exposed to gastric juices; commonly caused by infection with Helicobacter pylori bacteria (pept/o = to digest) |
| gastric ulcer | ulcer located in the stomach |
| duodenal ulcer | ulcer located in the duodenum |
| pyloric stenosis | narrowed condition of the pylorus |
| sialoadenitis | inflammation of a salivary gland |
| stomatitis | inflammation of the mouth |
| anal fistula | an abnormal, tube-like passageway from the anus that may connect with the rectum (fistula = pipe) |
| appendicitis | inflammation of the appendix |
| colitis | inflammation of the colon (large intestine) |
| ulcerative colitis | chronic inflammation of the colon with ulcerations |
| colorectal polyps | benign tissue growths on the mucous membrane lining the large intestine and rectum; adenomatous types are precancerous and likely to develop into malignancy |
| pediculated polyp | projected on a stalk (ped/o = foot) |
| sessile polyp | lying flat on the surface (sessilis = low growing) |
| diverticulum | an abnormal side pocket in the gastrointestinal tract; usually related to a lack of dietary fiber |
| diverticulosis (Fig. 12-9; see Fig. 12-15) | presence of diverticula in the gastrointestinal tract, especially the colon |
| diverticulitis | inflammation of diverticula |
| dysentery | inflammation of the intestine characterized by frequent, bloody stools; most often caused by bacteria or protozoa (e.g., amebic dysentery) |
| enteritis | inflammation of the small intestine |
| hemorrhoid | swollen, twisted vein (varicosity) in the anal region (haimorrhois = a vein likely to bleed) |
| hernia | protrusion of a part from its normal location |
| inguinal hernia | protrusion of a loop of the intestine through layers of the abdominal wall in the inguinal region |
| incarcerated hernia | hernia that is swollen and fixed within a sac, causing an obstruction |
| strangulated hernia | hernia that is constricted, cut off from circulation, and likely to become gangrenous |
| umbilical hernia | protrusion of the intestine through a weakness in the abdominal wall around the umbilicus (navel) |
| ileitis | inflammation of the lower portion of the small intestine |
| intussusception (Fig. 12-11) | prolapse of one part of the intestine into the lumen of the adjoining part (intus = within; suscipiens = to take up) |
| peritonitis | inflammation of the peritoneum |
| proctitis | inflammation of the rectum and the anus |
| volvulus | twisting of the bowel on itself, causing obstruction (volvo = to roll) |
| cholangitis | inflammation of the bile ducts |
| cholecystitis | inflammation of the gallbladder |
| cholelithiasis | presence of stones in the gallbladder or bile ducts |
| cirrhosis | chronic disease characterized by degeneration of liver tissue; most often caused by alcoholism or a nutritional deficiency (cirrho = yellow) |
| hepatitis | inflammation of the liver |
| hepatitis A | inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV), usually transmitted orally through fecal contamination of food or water |
| hepatitis B | inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV), which is transmitted sexually or by exposure to contaminated blood or body fluids |
| hepatitis C | inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV), which is transmitted by exposure to infected blood; this strain is rarely contracted sexually |
Created by:
shachi.pandit
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