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056
Nervous System & Psychiatry - Q – Diagnostic Terms & A – Meaning
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| agnosia | any of many types of loss of neurologic function involving interpretation of sensory information |
| astereognosis | inability to judge the form of an object by touch (e.g., a coin from a key) |
| atopognosis | inability to locate a sensation properly, such as an inability to locate a point touched on the body |
| Alzheimer disease | disease of structural changes in the brain resulting in an irreversible deterioration that progresses from forgetfulness and disorientation to loss of all intellectual functions, total disability, and death |
| amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) | condition of progressive deterioration of motor nerve cells resulting in total loss of voluntary muscle control; symptoms advance from muscle weakness in the arms and legs, to the muscles of speech, swallowing, and breathing, to total paralysis and death; |
| cerebral palsy (CP) | condition of motor dysfunction caused by damage to the cerebrum during development or injury at birth; characterized by partial paralysis and lack of muscle coordination (palsy =) |
| cerebrovascular disease | disorder resulting from a change within one or more blood vessels of the brain |
| cerebral arteriosclerosis | hardening of the arteries of the brain |
| cerebral atherosclerosis | condition of lipid (fat) buildup within the blood vessels of the brain (ather/o = fatty [lipid] paste) |
| cerebral aneurysm | dilation of a blood vessel in the brain (aneurysm = dilation or widening) |
| cerebral thrombosis | presence of a stationary clot in a blood vessel of the brain |
| cerebral embolism | obstruction of a blood vessel in the brain by an embolus transported through the circulation |
| cerebrovascular accident (CVA) | damage to the brain caused by cerebrovascular disease, such as occlusion of a blood vessel by a thrombus or embolus (ischemic stroke) or intracranial hemorrhage after rupture of an aneurysm (hemorrhagic stroke) |
| transient ischemic attack (TIA) | brief episode of loss of blood flow to the brain, usually caused by a partial occlusion that results in temporary neurologic deficit (impairment); often precedes a CVA |
| encephalitis | inflammation of the brain |
| epilepsy | disorder affecting the central nervous system; characterized by recurrent seizures |
| tonic-clonic seizure | stiffening-jerking; a major motor seizure involving all muscle groups; previously termed grand mal (big bad) seizure |
| absence seizure | seizure involving a brief loss of consciousness without motor involvement; previously termed petit mal (little bad) seizure |
| partial seizure | seizure involving only limited areas of the brain with localized symptoms |
| glioma | tumor of glial cells graded according to degree of malignancy |
| herniated disk or disc | protrusion of a degenerated or fragmented intervertebral disk so that the nucleus pulposus protrudes, causing compression on the nerve root |
| herpes zoster | viral disease affecting the peripheral nerves, characterized by painful blisters that spread over the skin following the affected nerves, usually unilateral; also known as shingles |
| Huntington chorea | hereditary disease of the central nervous system characterized by bizarre, involuntary body movements and progressive dementia (choros = dance) |
| hydrocephalus | abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain as a result of developmental anomalies, infection, injury, or tumor |
| meningioma | benign tumor of the coverings of the brain (the meninges) |
| meningitis | inflammation of the meninges |
| migraine headache | paroxysmal (sudden, periodic) attacks of mostly unilateral headache, often accompanied by disordered vision, nausea, or vomiting, lasting hours or days and caused by dilation of arteries |
| multiple sclerosis (MS) | disease of the central nervous system characterized by the demyelination (deterioration of the myelin sheath) of nerve fibers, with episodes of neurologic dysfunction (exacerbation) followed by recovery (remission) |
| myasthenia gravis | autoimmune disorder that affects the neuromuscular junction, causing a progressive decrease in muscle strength; activity resumes and strength returns after a period of rest |
| myelitis | inflammation of the spinal cord |
| narcolepsy | sleep disorder characterized by a sudden, uncontrollable need to sleep, attacks of paralysis (cataplexy), and dreams intruding while awake (hypnagogic hallucinations) |
| neural tube defects | congenital deformities of the brain and spinal cord caused by incomplete development of the neural tube, the embryonic structure that forms the nervous system |
| anencephaly | defect in closure of the cephalic portion of the neural tube that results in incomplete development of the brain and bones of the skull; the most drastic neural tube defect usually results in a stillbirth |
| spina bifida | defect in development of the spinal column characterized by the absence of vertebral arches, often resulting in pouching of the meninges (meningocele) or of the meninges and spinal cord (meningomyelocele); considered to be the most common neural tube defe |
| Parkinson disease | condition of slowly progressive degeneration in an area of the brainstem (substantia nigra) resulting in a decrease of dopamine (a chemical neurotransmitter necessary for proper movement); characterized by tremor, rigidity of muscles, and slow movements ( |
| plegia | paralysis |
| hemiplegia | paralysis on one side of the body |
| paraplegia | paralysis from the waist down |
| quadriplegia | paralysis of all four limbs |
| poliomyelitis | inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord caused by a virus, often resulting in spinal and muscle deformity and paralysis (polio = gray) |
| polyneuritis | inflammation involving two or more nerves, often caused by a nutritional deficiency, such as lack of thiamine |
| sleep apnea | periods of breathing cessation (10 seconds or more) that occur during sleep, often causing snoring |
| agnosia | any of many types of loss of neurologic function involving interpretation of sensory information |
| astereognosis | inability to judge the form of an object by touch (e.g., a coin from a key) |
| atopognosis | inability to locate a sensation properly, such as an inability to locate a point touched on the body |
| Alzheimer disease | disease of structural changes in the brain resulting in an irreversible deterioration that progresses from forgetfulness and disorientation to loss of all intellectual functions, total disability, and death |
| amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) | condition of progressive deterioration of motor nerve cells resulting in total loss of voluntary muscle control; symptoms advance from muscle weakness in the arms and legs, to the muscles of speech, swallowing, and breathing, to total paralysis and death; |
| cerebral palsy (CP) | condition of motor dysfunction caused by damage to the cerebrum during development or injury at birth; characterized by partial paralysis and lack of muscle coordination (palsy =) |
| cerebrovascular disease | disorder resulting from a change within one or more blood vessels of the brain |
| cerebral arteriosclerosis | hardening of the arteries of the brain |
| cerebral atherosclerosis | condition of lipid (fat) buildup within the blood vessels of the brain (ather/o = fatty [lipid] paste) |
| cerebral aneurysm | dilation of a blood vessel in the brain (aneurysm = dilation or widening) |
| cerebral thrombosis | presence of a stationary clot in a blood vessel of the brain |
| cerebral embolism | obstruction of a blood vessel in the brain by an embolus transported through the circulation |
| cerebrovascular accident (CVA) | damage to the brain caused by cerebrovascular disease, such as occlusion of a blood vessel by a thrombus or embolus (ischemic stroke) or intracranial hemorrhage after rupture of an aneurysm (hemorrhagic stroke) |
| transient ischemic attack (TIA) | brief episode of loss of blood flow to the brain, usually caused by a partial occlusion that results in temporary neurologic deficit (impairment); often precedes a CVA |
| encephalitis | inflammation of the brain |
| epilepsy | disorder affecting the central nervous system; characterized by recurrent seizures |
| tonic-clonic seizure | stiffening-jerking; a major motor seizure involving all muscle groups; previously termed grand mal (big bad) seizure |
| absence seizure | seizure involving a brief loss of consciousness without motor involvement; previously termed petit mal (little bad) seizure |
| partial seizure | seizure involving only limited areas of the brain with localized symptoms |
| glioma | tumor of glial cells graded according to degree of malignancy |
| herniated disk or disc | protrusion of a degenerated or fragmented intervertebral disk so that the nucleus pulposus protrudes, causing compression on the nerve root |
| herpes zoster | viral disease affecting the peripheral nerves, characterized by painful blisters that spread over the skin following the affected nerves, usually unilateral; also known as shingles |
| Huntington chorea | hereditary disease of the central nervous system characterized by bizarre, involuntary body movements and progressive dementia (choros = dance) |
| hydrocephalus | abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain as a result of developmental anomalies, infection, injury, or tumor |
| meningioma | benign tumor of the coverings of the brain (the meninges) |
| meningitis | inflammation of the meninges |
| migraine headache | paroxysmal (sudden, periodic) attacks of mostly unilateral headache, often accompanied by disordered vision, nausea, or vomiting, lasting hours or days and caused by dilation of arteries |
| multiple sclerosis (MS) | disease of the central nervous system characterized by the demyelination (deterioration of the myelin sheath) of nerve fibers, with episodes of neurologic dysfunction (exacerbation) followed by recovery (remission) |
| myasthenia gravis | autoimmune disorder that affects the neuromuscular junction, causing a progressive decrease in muscle strength; activity resumes and strength returns after a period of rest |
| myelitis | inflammation of the spinal cord |
| narcolepsy | sleep disorder characterized by a sudden, uncontrollable need to sleep, attacks of paralysis (cataplexy), and dreams intruding while awake (hypnagogic hallucinations) |
| neural tube defects | congenital deformities of the brain and spinal cord caused by incomplete development of the neural tube, the embryonic structure that forms the nervous system |
| anencephaly | defect in closure of the cephalic portion of the neural tube that results in incomplete development of the brain and bones of the skull; the most drastic neural tube defect usually results in a stillbirth |
| spina bifida | defect in development of the spinal column characterized by the absence of vertebral arches, often resulting in pouching of the meninges (meningocele) or of the meninges and spinal cord (meningomyelocele); considered to be the most common neural tube defe |
| Parkinson disease | condition of slowly progressive degeneration in an area of the brainstem (substantia nigra) resulting in a decrease of dopamine (a chemical neurotransmitter necessary for proper movement); characterized by tremor, rigidity of muscles, and slow movements ( |
| plegia | paralysis |
| hemiplegia | paralysis on one side of the body |
| paraplegia | paralysis from the waist down |
| quadriplegia | paralysis of all four limbs |
| poliomyelitis | inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord caused by a virus, often resulting in spinal and muscle deformity and paralysis (polio = gray) |
| polyneuritis | inflammation involving two or more nerves, often caused by a nutritional deficiency, such as lack of thiamine |
| sleep apnea | periods of breathing cessation (10 seconds or more) that occur during sleep, often causing snoring |
| agnosia | any of many types of loss of neurologic function involving interpretation of sensory information |
| astereognosis | inability to judge the form of an object by touch (e.g., a coin from a key) |
| atopognosis | inability to locate a sensation properly, such as an inability to locate a point touched on the body |
| Alzheimer disease | disease of structural changes in the brain resulting in an irreversible deterioration that progresses from forgetfulness and disorientation to loss of all intellectual functions, total disability, and death |
| amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) | condition of progressive deterioration of motor nerve cells resulting in total loss of voluntary muscle control; symptoms advance from muscle weakness in the arms and legs, to the muscles of speech, swallowing, and breathing, to total paralysis and death; |
| cerebral palsy (CP) | condition of motor dysfunction caused by damage to the cerebrum during development or injury at birth; characterized by partial paralysis and lack of muscle coordination (palsy =) |
| cerebrovascular disease | disorder resulting from a change within one or more blood vessels of the brain |
| cerebral arteriosclerosis | hardening of the arteries of the brain |
| cerebral atherosclerosis | condition of lipid (fat) buildup within the blood vessels of the brain (ather/o = fatty [lipid] paste) |
| cerebral aneurysm | dilation of a blood vessel in the brain (aneurysm = dilation or widening) |
| cerebral thrombosis | presence of a stationary clot in a blood vessel of the brain |
| cerebral embolism | obstruction of a blood vessel in the brain by an embolus transported through the circulation |
| cerebrovascular accident (CVA) | damage to the brain caused by cerebrovascular disease, such as occlusion of a blood vessel by a thrombus or embolus (ischemic stroke) or intracranial hemorrhage after rupture of an aneurysm (hemorrhagic stroke) |
| transient ischemic attack (TIA) | brief episode of loss of blood flow to the brain, usually caused by a partial occlusion that results in temporary neurologic deficit (impairment); often precedes a CVA |
| encephalitis | inflammation of the brain |
| epilepsy | disorder affecting the central nervous system; characterized by recurrent seizures |
| tonic-clonic seizure | stiffening-jerking; a major motor seizure involving all muscle groups; previously termed grand mal (big bad) seizure |
| absence seizure | seizure involving a brief loss of consciousness without motor involvement; previously termed petit mal (little bad) seizure |
| partial seizure | seizure involving only limited areas of the brain with localized symptoms |
| glioma | tumor of glial cells graded according to degree of malignancy |
| herniated disk or disc | protrusion of a degenerated or fragmented intervertebral disk so that the nucleus pulposus protrudes, causing compression on the nerve root |
| herpes zoster | viral disease affecting the peripheral nerves, characterized by painful blisters that spread over the skin following the affected nerves, usually unilateral; also known as shingles |
| Huntington chorea | hereditary disease of the central nervous system characterized by bizarre, involuntary body movements and progressive dementia (choros = dance) |
| hydrocephalus | abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain as a result of developmental anomalies, infection, injury, or tumor |
| meningioma | benign tumor of the coverings of the brain (the meninges) |
| meningitis | inflammation of the meninges |
| migraine headache | paroxysmal (sudden, periodic) attacks of mostly unilateral headache, often accompanied by disordered vision, nausea, or vomiting, lasting hours or days and caused by dilation of arteries |
| multiple sclerosis (MS) | disease of the central nervous system characterized by the demyelination (deterioration of the myelin sheath) of nerve fibers, with episodes of neurologic dysfunction (exacerbation) followed by recovery (remission) |
| myasthenia gravis | autoimmune disorder that affects the neuromuscular junction, causing a progressive decrease in muscle strength; activity resumes and strength returns after a period of rest |
| myelitis | inflammation of the spinal cord |
| narcolepsy | sleep disorder characterized by a sudden, uncontrollable need to sleep, attacks of paralysis (cataplexy), and dreams intruding while awake (hypnagogic hallucinations) |
| neural tube defects | congenital deformities of the brain and spinal cord caused by incomplete development of the neural tube, the embryonic structure that forms the nervous system |
| anencephaly | defect in closure of the cephalic portion of the neural tube that results in incomplete development of the brain and bones of the skull; the most drastic neural tube defect usually results in a stillbirth |
| spina bifida | defect in development of the spinal column characterized by the absence of vertebral arches, often resulting in pouching of the meninges (meningocele) or of the meninges and spinal cord (meningomyelocele); considered to be the most common neural tube defe |
| Parkinson disease | condition of slowly progressive degeneration in an area of the brainstem (substantia nigra) resulting in a decrease of dopamine (a chemical neurotransmitter necessary for proper movement); characterized by tremor, rigidity of muscles, and slow movements ( |
| plegia | paralysis |
| hemiplegia | paralysis on one side of the body |
| paraplegia | paralysis from the waist down |
| quadriplegia | paralysis of all four limbs |
| poliomyelitis | inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord caused by a virus, often resulting in spinal and muscle deformity and paralysis (polio = gray) |
| polyneuritis | inflammation involving two or more nerves, often caused by a nutritional deficiency, such as lack of thiamine |
| sleep apnea | periods of breathing cessation (10 seconds or more) that occur during sleep, often causing snoring |
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shachi.pandit
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