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Red Module
Endocrine Reverse Definitions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| a common pancreatic disorder involving insulin secretion into the blood, either in too much or too little quantities | diabetes mellitus |
| a condition of being abnormally small; may be hereditary or an endocrine dysfunction | dwarfism |
| a condition of eating abnormally large amounts of food | polyphagia |
| a glucocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex | cortisol |
| abnormal amount of glucose in the urine | glycosuria |
| abnormal condition of poisoning of the thyroid gland | thyrotoxicosis |
| abnormal increase in the volume of blood plasma in the body | hypervolemia |
| abnormal overgrowth of the entire body caused by hypersecretion of pituitary growth hormone before puberty | gigantism |
| abnormal low amount of calcium in the blood | hypocalcemia |
| acting in opposition; mutually opposing | antagonistic |
| administtration of radioactive iodine in pill or liquid form is used as a tracer to test how quickly the thyroid gland takes up iodine from the blood | radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU) |
| adrenaline-produced in the adrenal mendulla. Increases heart rate, fat metabolism for energy, and dilates the bronchial tubes | epinephrine |
| agent that mimics the effects of the sympathetic nervous system | sympathomimetic |
| an acute stage of diabetes mellitus characterized by hypotension and eventually, coma | ketoacidosis |
| an organ that contains groups of cells called the islets of Langerhans which produce endocrine secretions, such as insulin and glucagon | pancreas |
| blood tests to aid in the diagnosis of insulin deficiency | serum glucose tests |
| body mass index of 40 or greater, which is generally 100 or more pounds over ideal body weight | morbid obesity |
| chronic disorder of the adrenal glands caused by a deficiency of cortical hormones | Addison disease |
| cluster of cells in the pancreas which produce insulin and glucagon | islets of Langerhans |
| condition in which the calcium level in the blood is higher than normal | hypercalcemia |
| condition in which the potassium level in the blood is higher than normal | hyperkalemia |
| crisis of uncontrolled hyperthyroidism caused by the release into the bloodstream of increased amount of thyroid hormine; also called thyroid crisis or thyrotoxic crisis | thyroid storm |
| diagnostic test in which insulin is injected into the vein to assess piti=uitary function, adrenal function, and to determine insulin sensitivity | insulin tolerance test (ITT) |
| disorder caused by hypersecretion of the adrenal cortex, resulting in excessive production of steroids | Cushing syndrome |
| endoscopic procedure to surgically remove a pituitary tumor through an incision in the sphenoid sinus without disturbing the brain | transsphenoidal hypophysectomy |
| excessive accumulation of fat that exceeds the body's skeletal and physical standards, usually an increase of 20 percent or more above ideal body weight | obesity |
| excessive amount of insulin in the blood - insulin shock | hyperinsulinism |
| excessive amount of sugar in the blood | hyperglycemia |
| excessive distribution of body hair, especially in women | hirsutism |
| excessive secretion | hypersecretion |
| excision of one or more of the parathyroid glands, usually to control hyperparathyroidism | parathyroidectomy |
| excision of the thymus gland | thymectomy |
| excision of the entire thyroid gland, a part of it, or a single lobe | thyroidectomy |
| extreme depletion of potassium in the blood usually lost in diuresis | hypokalemia |
| formation of glucose from glycogen | glucogenesis |
| four separate glands that are located on the posterior surface of the lobes of the thyroid gland | parathyroid glands |
| glands that secrete hormones directly into the blood stream | endocrine glands |
| hormone produced by pancreatic beta cells that allows body cells to use glucose for energy or store it in the liver as glycogen | insulin |
| hormones in the adrenal cortex that regulate water and mineral salts in the body | mineralocorticoids |
| human growth hormone found in the anterior pituitary lobe | somatotropin |
| hypophysis; pea-shaped gland that is located at the base of the brain | pituitary gland |
| images of the thyroid gland are obtained after oral or intrvenous administration of a small dose of radioactive iodine | thyroid scan |
| imaging technique that rotates an x-ray emitter around the area to be scanned and measures the intensity of transmitted rays from different angles | computed tomography (CT) |
| inadequate secretion | hyposecretion |
| increased skeletal growth in children and growth hormone deficiencies in adults | growth hormone replacements |
| increased formation and secretion of urine | diuresis |
| inner section of the adrenal gland which secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine | adrenal mendulla |
| lack of development | atrophy |
| largest gland on the endocrine system. Located in the neck just below the larynx | thyroid gland |
| lower blood glucose by promoting its entrance into body cells and converting glucose to glycogen | insulins |
| lower than normal level of sodium in the blood | hyponatremia |
| masculinization or development of male secondary sex characteristics in a woman | virilism |
| measures the degree of forward displacement of the eyeball as seen in Graves disease | exophthalmometry |
| medications used to stimulate the pancreas to secrete insulin | oral hypoglycemics |
| method of choice for removing a fibrous, nodular thyroid | partial thyroidectomy |
| mineral salts that carry an electrical charge in solution | electrolytes |
| multisystem autoimmune disorder characterized by pronounced hyperthyroidism usually associated with enlarged thyroid gland and exophthalmos | Graves disease |
| noninvasive imaging technique that uses radio waves and a strong magnetic field rather than an x-ray beam to produce multiplanar cross-sectional images | magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) |
| noradrenalin; produced in the adrenal medulla. Increases blood pressure and constricts vessels | norepinephrine |
| one of the two major hormones produced by the thyroid. Regulates metabolism and energy levels | thyroxine (T4) |
| one of the two major hormones produced, stored and released by the thyroid gland. | triiodothyronine (T3) |
| outer section section of the adrenal gland that secretes steroids | adrenal cortex |
| pine-coned shaped gland that is attached to the posterior part of the third ventricle of the brain | pineal gland |
| process in which substances are broken down or built up during chemical reactions that are necessary to maintain life | metabolism |
| protrusion of eyes due to swelling in tissues; often associated with Grave's disease | exophthalmos |
| rare hormone disorder in adulthood, usually caused by a GH-secreting pituitary tumor that promotes the soft tissue and bones of the face, hands, and feet to grow larger than normal | acromegaly |
| reduce or control excretion of urine | antidiuretics |
| removal of most of the thyroid to relieve hyperthyroidism | subtotal thyroidectomy |
| replace or supplement thyroid hormones | thyroid supplements |
| replacement hormones lost in adrenal insufficiency | corticosteroids |
| screening test in which a dose of glucose is administered and blood samples are taken afterward at regular intervals to determine how quickly glucose is cleared from the blood | glucose tolerance test (GTT) |
| small chromaffin cell tumor, usually located in the adrenal medulla, causing elevated heart rate and blood | pheochromocytoma |
| steroid produced in the adrenal cortex. Is essential to life. Maintains sodium and potassium levels | aldosterone |
| steroids in the adrenal cortex that influence the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates and proteins | glucocorticoids |
| substance in which carbohydrates are stored in the liver for future conversion into sugar | glycogen |
| surgical excision of an adrenal gland | adrenalectomy |
| surgical excision of the thyroid gland | thyroidectomy |
| test that detects an increase of decrease in thyroid function | thyroid function test (TFT) |
| test that measures glucose levels in a blood sample following a fast of at least 8 hours | fasting blood glucose |
| test that measures calcium to detect bone and parathyroid disorders | total calcium |
| the study of ductless glands, their secretions, and their function of homeostasis | endocrinology |
| thyroid poisoning | thyrotoxic |
| too little sugar in the blood | hypoglycemia |
| total pituitary impairment that brings about a progressive and general loss of hormonal activity | panhypopituitarism |
| treat hyperthyroidism by impeding the formation of T3 and T4 hormones | antithyroids |
| treat type 2 diabetes mellitus by stimulating the pancreas to produce more insulin and decrease peripheral resistance to insulin | oral antidiabetics |
| tumor of a gland | adenoma |
| tumor of the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas | insulinoma |
| two bean-shaped glands situated on top of the kidneys which secrete steroid and sex hormones | adrenal glands |
| ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland | thyroid echogram |
| underdevelopment of internal secretions of male sex glands | hypogonadism |
| vasopressin; promotes reabsorption of water in the kidneys | antidiuretic hormone |
| excessive thirst | polydipsia |
| hormone produced by pancreatic alpha cells that stimulates the liver to change stored glycogen to glucose | glucagon |
Created by:
DawnLangridge
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