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Park I Landmark Laws
AICP: Landmark Laws before 1950
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Ordinance of 1785 | Provided for the rectangular survey of land of land for the Old Northwest; Called the most significant planning act in our history by Daniel Elazar |
| Homestead Act of 1862 | Opened up Public Domain lands to settlers as long as they: 1) paid a nominal fee; 2) lived on the land for five years |
| Morrill Act of 1862 | Under the leadership of Congressman Justin Morrill; Congress authorized proceeds from the sale of public domain laws were used to fund colleges offering practical trades (engineering and agriculture); Also related to Economic Development |
| Report on the Lands of the Arid Region of the United States (1878) | Author: John Wesley Powell; Proposed a regional plan to foster: 1) settlement of the arid west; 2) conserve water resources; Also related to: conservation, econ dev, landmark laws, landmark pub |
| General Land Law Revision Act of 1891 | Gave President power to create forest preserves by proclamation. Also related to: conservation |
| United States v. Gettysburg Electric Railway Co. (1896) | The first significant legal case concerning historic preservation; U.S. Supreme Court rules that Gettysburg served a valid public purpose; Also related to: Conservation |
| Forest Management Act (1897) | Authorized some control by the Secretary of the Interior over the use and occupancy of the forest preserves; Also related to: Conservation |
| New York State Tenement House Law (1901) | Lead reformer = Lawrence Veiller; This law authorized the revision of city code that outlawed tenement housing altogether; Also related to: housing |
| Public Lands Commission (1903) | President Teddy Roosevelt appoints this Commission; Purpose: propose rules for orderly land development and management; Also related to: Conservation |
| Antiquities Act of 1906 | First law to protect and preserve archaeological sites; Federal level; Designed areas of historic, pre-historic, or scientific importance in the Public Domain as National Monuments; Also related to: Conservation |
| Inland Waterway Commission (1907) | President Teddy Roosevelt establishes this commission to manage waterway development this included: Navigation, Power, Irrigation, Flood Control, Water Supply Also related to conservation |
| Standard State ZONING Enabling Act (1916) | NY City Commission passed the first comprehensive zoning resolution in the nation; Lead reformers: McAneny and Bassett; Edward Basset is known as the father of planning; Also related to: Housing |
| National Park Service Established (1916) | Responsible for conserving and preserving resources of special value; Also related to Conservation |
| U.S. Housing Corporation and Emergency Fleet Corporation established (1918) | Influenced later advances in public housing; Operated at major shipping centers to provide housing for WWI workers; Also related to Housing |
| Standard State Zoning Enabling Act of 1924 | U.S. Department of Commerce under Secretary Herbert Hoover established this law; Guidance on legislation and organization of zoning; A legislative body must establish zoning commission; Precedent: Standard State Zoning Enabling Act led by Bassett |
| Village of Euclid v. Ambler Realty (1926) | Constitutionality of zoning upheld by the U.S. Supreme Court; Case argued by Alfred Bettman |
| Standard City PLANNING Enabling Act (SCPEA) of 1928 | U.S. Department of Commerce under Secretary Hoover; Established: Planning Commission, Master Plans, Approval of all public improvements and control of private subdivisions to Commission, and establishment of regional planning commission + region plan |
| First instance of rural zoning (1929) | Occurred in Wisconsin; Authorized county board to regulate and restrict areas where agro, forestry and recreation may be conducted. |
| Federal Emergency Relief Administration (1933) | Set up under Harry Hopkins and Pres FDR; Purpose: alleviating household unemployment by creating new unskilled jobs in local and state government using grants |
| Tennessee Valley Authority (1933) | Established to rehabilitate and redevelop the Tennessee Valley; famous river-basin planning site; Lead reformers: Senator Norris and David Lilenthal |
| National Housing Act (1934) | Established Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporationfor ins (FSLIC) for insuring savings deposits and the FHA for insuring individual home mortgages |
| Taylor Grazing Act (1934) | Purpose: regulate the use of the range in the Wests for conservation purposes; |
| Establishment of the Resettlement Administration (1935) | leader: Rexford Tugwell of FDR admin; Purpose: experiment with land use reform and population resettlement; Built Greenbelt towns, forerunners of New Towns; City name tend to have "green" in title |
| Soil Conservation Act of 1935 | Congress approves to help prevent soil erosion on the national level; |
| The Historic Sites, Buildings and Antiquities Act | Requires the Secretary of the Interior to manage and restore historic sites; Requires federal agencies to consider preservation needs in their programs and plans; predecessor of the National Historic Preservation Act, passed. |
| Social Security Act (1935) | Act passed to create a safety net for elderly; Francis Perkins, Sec of Labor and first woman cabinet member, was reformer; |
| U.S. Housing Act (Wagner-Steagall) of 1937 | Set the stage for future government aid by appropriating $500 million in loans for low-cost housing; Tied slum clearance to public housing |
| Farm Security Administration of 1937 | established, successor to the Resettlement Administration and administrator of many programs to aid the rural poor |
| GI Bill or Servicemman's Readjustment Act of 1944 | Guaranteed loans for homes to veterans under favorable terms, thereby accelerating the growth of suburbs |
| Housing and Home Financing Agency 1947 | Predecessor of HUD; to coordinate federal government's various housing programs; |
| Housing Act (Wagner-Ellender-Taft Bill) of 1949 | First U.S. comprehensive housing legislation; Aimed to construct about 800,000 units; Established urban redevelopment program. |
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