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chapter 18
The Urinary System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| urinary system | consists of two kidneys, two ureters, the urinary bladder, and the urethra. |
| kidneys | located in the upper abdominal cavity on either side of the vertebral column, behind the peritoneum(retroperitoneal). |
| renal fascia | kidneys are embedded in adipose tissue that acts as a cushion and is in turn covered by a fibrous connective tissue membrane; which helps hold the kidneys in place. |
| renal cortex | outer tissue layer; made of renal corpuscles and convoluted tubules. parts of the nephron. |
| renal medulla | inner tissue layer; made of loops of Henle and collecting tubules(also parts of the nephron). |
| renal pyramids | wedge-shaped pieces in the renal medulla. |
| renal pelvis | third area; this is not a layer of tissues, but rather a cavity formed by the expansion of the ureter within the kidney at the hilus. |
| calyces | funnel-shaped extensions of the renal pelvis; enclose the papillae of the renal pyramids. |
| nephron | structural and functional unit of the kidney. |
| renal corpuscle | consists of a glomerulus surrounded by a Bowman's capsule. |
| glomerulus | a capillary network that arises from an afferent arteriole and empties into an efferent arteriole. |
| Bowman's capsule | (or glomerular capsule) the expanded end of a renal tubule; it encloses the glomerulus. |
| podocytes | inner layer of Bowman's capsule; the name means "foot cells," and the "feet" of the podocytes are on the surface of the glomerular capillaries. |
| renal filtrate | the space between the inner and outer layers of Bowman's capsule, the fluid that is formed from the blood in the glomerulus and will eventually become urine. |
| renal tubule | continues from Bowman's capsule and consists of the following parts: proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, and distal convoluted tubule. |
| proximal convoluted tubule | in the renal cortex; part of the renal tubule. |
| loop of Henle | (or loop of the nephron), in the renal medulla; part of the renal tubule. |
| distal convoluted tubule | in the renal cortex; part of the renal tubule. |
| peritubular capillaries | all parts of the renal tubule are surrounded by this; which arise from the efferent arteriole. |
| renal artery | blood from the abdominal aorta enters; which branches within the kidney into several interlobar arteries (between the renal pyramids). |
| renal vein | the interlobar veins all unite at the hilus to form this; which empties blood into the inferior vena cava. |
| glomerular filtration | blood pressure forces plasma, dissolved substances, and small proteins out of the glomeruli and into Bowman's capsules. |
| glomerular filtration rate (GFR) | the amount of renal filtrate formed by the kidneys in 1 minute, and averages 100 to 125 mL per minute. |
Created by:
cramacher
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