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Final Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| These courts derive their power from the Constitution and federal laws | Federal courts |
| A trial court has _______________ jurisdictions | Original |
| People engaged in lawsuits are called… | Litigants |
| A formal accusation handed down by the grand jury is… | Indictment |
| These are the workhorses of the federal judiciary system. | Federal courts |
| This is the court of last resort in all questions of federal law. | U.S. Supreme Court |
| Explanation for the Supreme Court's decision is called | The opinion |
| A state may not take a person's life, liberty, or property without… | Due process |
| If you are registered to vote or have a driver's license, you may be called for… | Jury duty |
| Without this freedom there would be no political parties and no interest groups to influence the action of government. | Freedom of assembly |
| If you advocate revolution, you will be punished for… | Sedition |
| Labor unions have the right to… | Picket |
| Who are the keepers of this country's rights? | The Citizens |
| The Constitution of the United States guarantees certain basic rights in the… | Bill of Rights |
| Newspaper reporters may be protected by | The 1st Amendment (freedom of speech and press). |
| The Constitution assigns the power to control immigration to | Congress |
| The ultimate source of political power in the United States is… | The people |
| Under what rule a person cannot be tried twice for the same crime. | Double jeopardy |
| Before becoming naturalized citizens, immigrants are… | Resident Aliens |
| People who flee to another country to escape persecution or danger are called… | Refugees |
| The process that grants immigrants the rights and privileges of citizenship is called… | Naturalization |
| The separation of one group of people from the larger group is called… | Segregation |
| What is the chief way the federal government raises revenue? | Income Tax |
| What is A 12-month accounting period is called? | Fiscal Year |
| Who has the power to raise revenue and pass appropriations? | Congress |
| What is the biggest entitlement program? | Medicare |
| What do you call the guiding strategies and goals that direct U.S. relations with other countries? | Foreign Policy |
| Who does the Constitution gives the power to declare war to? | Congress |
| What term means protecting United States borders and territories against invasion? | National Security |
| What political philosophy means to be involved in world affairs? | Neoconservatism |
| How many years can a president serve in office? | Eight years |
| What system is often called a winner-take-all system? | Electoral college |
| What term means two houses of congress? | Bicameral |
| What are the qualifications for election to the Senate? | Need to have been a US citizen for nine years Must be at least thirty years old Must live in the state your running for senate in |
| Poland, Mexico, and South Africa are examples of what type of government system? | Emerging democracies |
| What was the catalyst for Poland's transition to democracy? | Labor Unrest |
| What ancient Greek scholar was one of the first students of government? | Aristotle |
| What are features of all the states in today's world? | Borders and Government |
| What system of government gives all key powers to the national government? | Unitary System |
| What was the colonial plan for self-rule, signed in 1620 by the Pilgrims, called? | Mayflower Compact |
| Why is the Magna Carta was important? | I influenced the Constitution |
| What man was known as the father of the Constitution? | James Madison |
| Thurgood Marshall | was an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court, serving from October 1967 until October 1991. |
| Sandra Day O’Conner | a retired United States Supreme Court justice, and in 2013 was listed as a NAFTA adjudicator. She served as an Associate Justice from her appointment in 1981 by Ronald Reagan until her retirement from the Court in 2006. |
| federal court | a court of a federal government, especially one established under the constitution of the United States. |
| Grand jury | A grand jury is a legal body that is empowered to conduct official proceedings to investigate potential criminal conduct and to determine whether criminal charges should be brought. |
| Petit jury | a jury of 12 persons empanelled to determine the facts of a case and decide the issue pursuant to the direction of the court on points of law |
| Jurisdiction of the court | is the practical authority granted to a formally constituted legal body or to a political leader to deal with and make pronouncements on legal matters and, by implication, to administer justice within a defined area of responsibility. |
| Law clerks | or a judicial clerk is a person who provides assistance to a judge or a licensed attorney in researching issues before the court and in writing opinions. |
| Coalition government | A coalition government is a cabinet of a parliamentary government in which several political parties cooperate, reducing the dominance of any one party within that coalition |
| Platform | a declaration of the principles on which a group of persons stands |
| One-party system | a system of government with only one party, based on the constitution. Other parties are either outlawed or allowed to take only a controlled and limited participation in the election process. |
| an agreement between states for regulation of matters affecting all of them | |
| Single-member districts | an electoral district that returns one officeholder to a body with multiple members such as a legislature. This is also sometimes called single-winner voting. |
| Patronage | the support, encouragement, privilege, or financial aid that an organization or individual bestows to another. |
| Plurality | when used in the context of voting, refers to the largest number of votes to be received by any candidate (or any proposal in a referendum). It is contrasted with an absolute majority,[1] or simple majority, which is more than half of the votes. |
| Petition | a request to do something, most commonly addressed to a government official or public entity. |
| Third party | party other than one of the two dominant ones in a two-party political system |
| Precinct captain | an elected official in the American political party system. The office establishes a direct link between a political party and the voters in a local election district |
| Elastic clause | a statement in the U.S. constitution (Article I, Section 8) granting Congress the power to pass all laws necessary and proper for carrying out the enumerated list of powers. |
| Appeal to Congress | Timely resort by an unsuccessful party in a lawsuit or administrative proceeding to an appropriate superior court empowered to review a final decision on the ground that it was based upon an erroneous application of law. |
| Bankruptcy | a legal status of a person or other entity that cannot repay the debts it owes to creditors. In most jurisdictions, bankruptcy is imposed by a court order, often initiated by the debtor. |
| Article I of the Constitution | describes the powers of Congress, and the legislative branch of the federal government. |
| Article II of the Constitution | creates the executive branch of the government, consisting of the President, the Vice President, and other executive officers chosen by the President, including the Cabinet. |
| Bill of Rights | first ten amendments to the United States Constitution. They guarantee a number of personal freedoms, limit the government's power in judicial and other proceedings, and reserve some powers to the states and the public. |
| First Amendment | Discusses freedom of religion, speech, and the press |
| Impeachment | a formal process in which an official is accused of unlawful activity, the outcome of which, depending on the country, may include the removal of that official from office as well as criminal or civil punishment. |
| Ratification | is a principal's approval of an act of its agent where the agent lacked authority to legally bind the principal. |
| United States v. E. C. Knight Co. | was the first case heard by the Supreme Court concerning the Sherman Antitrust Act, was argued on October 24, 1894 and the decision was issued on January 21, 1895. |
| Marbury v. Madison | formed judicial review in the United States under Article III of the Constitution. The landmark decision helped define the boundary between the constitutionally separate executive and judicial branches of the American form of government. |
| Dred Scott v. Sandford | Discussed whether or not African Americans could be American Citizens |
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