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APUSH
APUSH Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| GI Bill | provided for college education, cheap loans, VA hospitals, and preferential job treatment for returning veterans of WWII |
| "Baby Boom" | term for demographic increase from 1945-1960 |
| Levittown | mass produced housing community in Long Island, NY; exemplified growth of suburbs |
| "white flight" | term for movement of white Americans to the suburbs after WWII |
| "Sun Belt" | term to describe southern portion of US that saw demographic growth in the post WWII years |
| Fail Deal | nickname for Truman's domestic program |
| Employment Act of 1946 | legislation that was meant to sustain economic growth in post WWII era; created Council of Economic Advisors |
| Social Security Act of 1950 | increased Social Security benefits to more Americans by expanding coverage for retirement |
| Taft-Hartley Act | anti-union law that outlawed closed shops and created "right to work" laws |
| Jackie Robinson | first African-American to play major league baseball |
| Dixiecrats | southern Democrats who left Democratic Party because Truman's stance on civil rights; later joined Republican Party |
| 22nd Amendment | limited president to maximum of 2 full terms in office |
| Cold War | period of tension between the US and Soviet Union (USSR) that lasted from 1945-1990 |
| "proxy" wars | wars where third parties or substitutes are used |
| Containment | America's post WWII foreign policy; sought to keep communism where it was and not let it spread |
| Truman Doctrine | outlined the policy of containment; first announced in response to Greece |
| Iron Curtain | referred to fortified border that USSR erected to separate eastern European satellite countries (Eastern Block) from western Europe |
| Berlin Blockade | Stalin's plan to cut off West Berlin from supplies in western Germany by cutting off the land routes |
| Berlin Airlift | Truman's response to the Berlin Blockade; kept West Berlin supplied by air |
| Marshall Plan | economic aid program to re-build European economies after WWII; gave $12 billion to European countries that wanted it |
| NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) | western military alliance meant to defend all members from attack |
| 38th Parallel | line that divided North and South Korea |
| Douglas MacArthur | American general fired by Truman for publicly criticizing Truman's policies |
| Punmunjon | Korean city where cease-fire to Korean War was signed in 1953 |
| Executive Order 9835 | created loyalty boards to determine if there were government employees who belonged to communist organizations |
| National Security Act of 1947 | created Department of Defense, National Security Council, and Central Intelligence agency |
| NSC-68 | top secret policy paper that officially defined Cold War as clash between "good" and "evil" |
| Second Red Scare | fear that there was communist infiltration at all levels of US government in early 1950s |
| Senator Joseph McCarthy | claimed US government was infiltrated by communists including Secretary of state Dean Acheson and General George Marshall (Marshall Plan) |
| Army-McCarthy Hearings of 1954 | public hearings on TV that exposed McCarthy as a bully; resulted in his being censured by Senate |
| House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) | committee in House o Representatives that was meant to expose communists in society, government, and entertainment industry |
| Hollywood Ten | screenwriters, producers, directors who were accused of communism by HUAC; started "blacklisting" in entertainment industry |
| Alger Hiss | State Department official accused by Richard Nixon of giving secrets to communists |
| Julius and Ethel Rosenberg | American couple accused of giving atomic secrets to Russians in 1950; executive |
| "military-industrial" complex | term created by Eisenhower that described weapons makers and military influence on the US foreign policy |
| Nikita Khrushchev | Soviet leader after Stalin |
| Mutual Assured Destruction (MAD) | term that referred to idea that a nuclear attack by one nation would result in the destruction of both nations |
| Fulgencio Bastista | Cuban dictator in 1950s; overthrown by communist revolution in 1959 |
| Fidel Castro | Cuban communist leader who otherthrew US backed dictatorship |
| Ho Chi Minh | Communist-nationalist leader of Vietnam |
| Dien Bien Phu | fortress where French were defeated by Vietminh in Vietnam in 1954; resulted in French withdrawal and American involvement in Vietnam |
| Geneva Peace Accords, 1954 | after French defeat, split Vietnam the 17th parallel into the communist north, noncommunist south |
| Warsaw Pact | eastern military alliance meant to defend all communist countries from attack |
| Domino Theory | idea that if one country in southeast Asia was allowed to fall to communists, others would soon follow |
| Highway Act of 1956 | cited national security reasons to build interstate highways (troop/nuke movements) |
| "other directed" society | term created by David Riesman to Harvard; referred to concept that people measured themselves against images created by mass media |
| Mass Culture Debate | cultural controversy of the 1950s that claimed American culture was too standardized |
| Dr. Benjamin Spock | said women were natural child rearers; future of US depended on their role; wrote parenting books that promoted traditional gender roles for women |
| Elvis Presley | example of youth's revolt against conformity; first great "rock and roll" star; lyrics and moves seen as sexually promiscuous and "black" |
| Hugh Hefner | example of male revolt against conformity; found Playboy magazine |
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danat214
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