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PSCI 2702
Quantitative Research Methods
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Nominal Level of Measurement | Cannot rank or do mathematical calculations. Can only find mode. Example: sex (female or male) |
| Ordinal Level of Measurement | Can rank and compare variables. Can only calculate median and mode. Example: Education levels |
| Interval Level of Measurement | Can calculate mode, median and mean. All calculations are possible Example: Income |
| What is the mode? How do you find it? | is the most frequent value example: ddccaaa - A is the mode. If these are grades, this shows that it favors smarter students. |
| What is the median? How do you find it? | is the exact middle of the distribution. N = number of values (state if its even or odd number of values) RANK order before you calculate! |
| The Normal Distribution | Where mean = median = mode Note: the tails of the curve represent the outliers with extreme scores for both measures and therefore the highest frequency is clustered around the average. |
| Positively Skewed Distribution | Where mean>median>mode Note: long tail to the right means extreme values where this inflates the mean. This means that median encompasses average better than mean. |
| Negatively Skewed Distribution | Where mean<median<mode Note: long tail to the left means extreme low values which inflate the mean thus we use the median as a measure of central tendency. |