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Anatomy lecture
Questions from book
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The specialized region of the sarcolemma at the neuromuscular junction that contains neurotransmitter receptors is called the: | -Motor end plate |
| The ability of muscular tissue to respond to a stimulus by producing action potentials is referred to as: | -electrical excitability |
| In Duchenne muscular dystrophy the gene that codes for the protein dystrophin is mutated. The function of dystrophin in muscle cells is to: | -stabilize the position of thin filaments |
| The most fatigue-resistant skeletal muscle fibers are the: | -slow oxidative fibers |
| The skeletal muscle fibers with the largest diameters that generate the most powerful contractions due to their high myofibril content are the: | -fast glycolytic fibers |
| A motor unit is defined as a: | -motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it stimulates |
| Arrange the following from the largest to smallest (1) myofibril (2) filament (3) muscle fiber (4) | -4,3,1,2 |
| The ____ is a dense connective tissue envelope that surrounds groups of muscles in the body. | -Superficial fascia |
| Connective tissue that separates one muscle fiber from another is the ________. | -Endomysium |
| Plate-shaped regions of dense material separating one sarcomere from the next are called_______. | -Z lines |
| The two regulatory proteins in thin filaments are ______ and _______. | -troponin, tropomyosin |
| The muscle tissue that exhibits autorhythmicity is ______. | -cardiac muscle tissue |
| _______ is a stretched or partially torn muscle;_______ the forcible wrenching or twisting of a joint that stretches or tears its ligaments. | -strain, sprain |
| Which of the following muscles that act on the thumb is not located on the thenar eminence: -abductor pollicis brevis -flexor pollicis brevis -opponens pollicis -flexor pollicis longus -two of the above Thenar muscles act on? | -flexor pollicis longus -the thumb |
| During exhalation, the diaphragm: | -relaxes and forms a dome |
| Choose the muscles(s) that depress(es) the mandible: | -lateral pterygoid, digastric, and medial pterygoid |
| The action of the pectoralis major muscle is to: | -flex, adduct, and rotate the arm medially |
| Which of the following is part of the medical compartment of muscles that act on the femur? | -gracilis |
| Muscles of which group share a common origin on the ischium and act to extend the thigh and flex the leg? | -hamstring muscles |
| In compartment syndrome, external or internal pressure constricts the structures within a compartment, resulting in damaged blood vessels and subsequent reduction of blood supply. If the syndrome is localized to the posterior crural compartment, function? | -plantar flexion of the ankle joint |
| A muscle that contracts to cause the desired action is called the _______. Muscles that assist or cooperate with the muscle that causes the desired action are known as ________. | -prime mover (agonist), synergists |
| The attachment of a muscles tendon to the stationary bone is called the_______, and the attachment of the muscle's other tendon to the movable bone is called the ________. | -origin, insertion |
| In an anatomical lever system, _______ act as levers, ________ act as fulcrums, and the effort is provided by _______. | -bones, joints, muscle contractions |
| The muscles of the posterior compartment of muscles, also known as the hamstrings, are the _________, the__________, and the ________. | -semitendinosis, semimembranosus, biceps femoris |
| The Sternocleidomastoid and longissimus capitis muscles insert on the _______ of the temporal bone. | -mastoid process |
| The diagram inserts onto the ______ tendon. | -central |
| Three posterior thoracic muscles that adduct the scapula are the ______, the________, and the _________. | -trapezius, rhomboid major, rhomboid minor |
| The diamond-shaped area that extends from the pubic symphysis anteriorly, to the coccyx posteriorly, and the ischial tuberosities laterally is the _______. | -perineum |
| A circular muscle that decreases the size of an opening, such as the anus, is known as______. | -sphincter |
| The pectineus, psoas major, adductor longus, and iliacus muscles have one action in common: ________ of the thigh. | -flexion |
| The quadriceps femoris is the main muscle mass on the _______ surface of the thigh. The name of this muscle mass indicates it has ______ heads of origin. All converge to insert on the _______ (bone) by means of the patellar ligament. | -anterior, four, tibia |
| The three muscles that utilize the calcaneal tendon to insert on the _______, The ________, and the _________. | gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris |
| On a surface projection, the apex of the heart is found at the: | -inferior left point |
| The layer of the heart wall that is composed of cardiac muscle tissue is the: | -myocardium |
| What is the correct route of blood through the heart from the systemic circulation to the pulmonary circulation and back to the systemic circulation? | right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary valve, left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic valve. |
| Which chamber of the heart can occupy a greater volume of blood? | left ventricle left atrium |
| What is the correct conduction of an impulse through the heart | SA node, AV node, AV bundle, Bundle branches |
| The outermost layer of the heart, The ______, is also the innermost layer of the serous pericardium, the ________. | Epicardium, visceral pericardium |
| The first two vessels to branch from the ascending aorta are the _________ and the __________. | Right coronary artery, Left coronary artery |
| The first heart sound is created by turbulence of blood at the closing of the _______ valves. | atrioventricular |
| Th branch of the left coronary artery that lies in the coronary sulcus and distributes oxygenated blood to the walls of the left atrium and ventricle is the ________. | circumflex artery |
| During the period of ventricular filling, the AV valves are in the ______ position, and the semilunar valves are in the_______ position. | open, closed |
| The term ______ refers to the contraction of a heart chamber, and the word ______ refers to the relaxation of the heart chamber. | systole, diastole |
| The heart chamber with the thickest wall is the _______. | left ventricle |
| The ______ point of the heart is located in the fifth left inter-costal space , about 9cm to the left of the midline. | inferior left |
| Which of the following vessels carries the most highly oxygenated blood. | -pulmonary veins |
| The cells of the gastric glands that produce secretions directly involved in chemical digestion are: | chief cells |
| Which anatomical region of the stomach is closest to the esophagus? | cardia |
| What are accessory organs of the digestive system? | stomach |
| Which of the following digestive juices contains enzymes that digest carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins? | pancreatic juice |
| The type of tissue that lines the stomach and intestines is: | simple columnar epithelium |
| The roots of a tooth are covered by a tissue that is harder and denser than bone is called? | cementum |
| The parotid glands are located? | inferior and anterior to the ears |
| The region of the stomach that connects to the small intestine is the: | pylorus |
| The largest peritoneal fold, which drapes over the transverse colon and small intestine, is the _______. | greater omentum |
| Place the numbers in the blanks to indicate the correct order for the flow of bile. (a) bile canaliculi:_______ (b) common bile duct ________ © common hepatic duct_________ (e) hepatopancreatic ampulla and duodenum ________. | 1,4,3,2,5 |
| The scientific name for swallowing is ________. | deglutition |
| The process by which contents of the gastrointestinal tract are propelled forward by coordinated contractions and relaxations of the circular and longitudinal muscles of the muscular is called______. | peristalsis |
| First and second premolars and first, second, and third molars are characteristic of the _______ dentition. | permanent |
| The______ is an organ of the digestive system that assumes a role in phagocytosis, manufacture of the plasma proteins, detoxification, and interconversions of nutrients. | liver |
| The duct that conveys bile to and from the gallbladder is the ______duct. | cystic |
| Parietal cells of the stomach secrete _______ and ______ and the chief cells secrete _________ and _______. | hydrochloric acid, intrinsic factor, pepsinogen, gastric lipase |
| The two large lobes of the liver are the right and left lobes, and the two smaller lobes are the posterior ________ lobe and the inferior _______ lobe. | caudate, quadrate |
| The three protein-digesting enzymes found in pancreatic juices are _________, _________, and _________. | trypsin, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase |
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