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Study Guide
Chapter 11, 12,13
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does blood hematocrit messure | Percent of Red Blood Cells |
| What elements in hemoglobin molecule? | Hem portion can't be recycled a waste product converted to bilirubin by macrophages,liver removes bilirubin from circulation and excretes into bile to the duodenum pass through the small intestine and colon, bilirubin is elminated in feces. |
| Universal Donor | Blood Type O Negative |
| Universal Recepient | Blood Type AB Positive |
| What components found in blood- formed elements Where are they produced? | 38-48% Formed Elements -RBC,WBC,Platelets 52-68% Plasma- which is liquid 91% water- In the Red Bone marrow |
| Shape of RBC's? Nucleus? Life Span? | Biconcave disc - None - 120 days |
| Clot in intact vessel-stationary | Thrombus |
| Clot or other tissue transported elsewhere that lodges and obstructs a vessel- moving | Embolus |
| Liquid part of blood 91% water | Plasma |
| Most abundant protein in Plasma. Helps draw fluid to Blood Vessels for pressure and volume | Albumin |
| Clumping of blood cells or microorganisms, the result of an antigen-antibody reaction | Agglutination |
| A antigen B antibody | Type A |
| B antigen A antibody | Type B |
| AB antigen no antibody | Type AB |
| O antigen A and B antibody | Type O |
| Type A recipient | Preferred A Permissible O |
| Type B recipient | Preferred B Permissible O |
| Type AB recipient | Preferred AB Permissible A,B,O |
| Type O recipient | Preferred O Permissible No alternate type |
| Large vessels constrict when damaged,The myogenic response, Platelets release serotonin which causes vasoconstriction. The brake is made smaller, and may be closed with a blood clot. | Vascular Spasm |
| Carry oxygen | RBC's |
| Provide immunity and destroys pathogens | WBC's |
| Prevent blood loss and participates in clotting | Platelets |
| General function of the Blood | Transportation,Regulation,and Protection |
| Three layers that enclose heart | Pericardial membranes |
| Outer layer, a loose fitting sac | Fibrous Pericardium |
| Inner layer, Serous membrane lines the Fibrous Pericardium | Parietal Pericardium |
| Serous membrane on the surface of the myocardium | Visceral Pericardium (Epicardium) |
| Chambers of the heart | Right and Left Atria- upper chambers Right and Left Ventricle-lower chambers |
| Which valve is between the right atrium and ventricle | Tricuspid Valve |
| Which valve is between the left atrium and ventricle | Bicuspid Valve |
| Blood Flow through the heart | S/I Vena Cava-R.Atrium-Tricuspid-R.Ventricle-Pulm.Trunk-Pulm.Artery-Lung-Pulm.Vein-L.Atrium-Bicuspid-L.Ventricle-Aortic Valve- Aorta |
| Walls of the Ventricles that are thick and thin | Left Ventricles Thick and Right Ventricles Thin |
| What are the functions of the heart valves | Prevent back flow of blood |
| Systole | contraction |
| Distole | relax |
| Sound closer of A.V Valve during ventricular systole | First sound of Hear(LUB) |
| Sound closer of Aortic-Pulmonary semilunar Valves | Second sound of Heart (DUB) |
| Extra sound from improper closing of the valve | Heart Murmur |
| Genetic disorder of abnormal Hemoglobin which causes RBC's to sickle clog capillaries and rupture. | Sickle Cell Anemia Disease |
| What is the natural Pacemaker of the Heart | S.A. Node |
| Cardiac Conduction Pathway | 1 SA Node in the wall of right Atrium 2 AV Node-lower in the interatrial septum 3 AV Bundle,or bundle of His-is in upper interventricular septum 4 Right and left Bundle Branches 5 Purkinje Fibers |
| ECG: P wave, QRS, T wave | Electrocardiogram Depolarization of Atria Depolarization of Ventricles Repolarization of Ventricles |
| A rate less than 60 (except athletes) | Bradycardia |
| A consistent rate greater than 100 beats per min. | Tachycardia |
| Where are cardiac centers that regulate the heart | In the Medulla. Centers are Accelerator and Inhibitory |
| What hormone stimulates increased heart rate | Epinephrine |
| Sympathetic system | Increase heart rate |
| Parasympathetic system | Decreases heart rate |
| Lining is not folded into veins Middle layer is thick vessels important in maintenance of blood pressure Outer layer is thick to prevent rupture by High blood pressure in vessels | Arteries |
| Outer layer thin,since blood pressure is low Lining is folded into valves to prevent backflow of blood Middle layer is thin,since the vessels are not as important in maintenance of blood pressure | Veins |
| Why are the outer and middle layers of an arteries thick | outer layer- to prevent rupture by high blood pressure middle layer- to maintenance of blood pressure |
| Carry blood from the Heart to capillaries | Arteries |
| Carry blood from heart to capillaries | Veins |
| Carry blood from the arterioles to venules | Capillaries |
| What happens in the capillaries | One cell thick, exchanges gases. blood flows slow |
| Pathway of circulation that goes to the liver for detoxification. | Hepatic Portal Circulation |
| What is an anastomoses | Connection between vessels of the same type. |
| Three pathways of circulation | Pulmonary,Systemic,Hepatic portal |
| Where does the pulmonary begin | Right Ventricle of Heart |
| Where does the systemic begin | Left Ventricle of Heart |
| Name factors that contribute to maintenance of blood pressure- name at least four | Venous Return, Heart Rate & Force,Peripheral Resistance,Elasticity of Large Arteries, Viscosity of the Blood, Loss of Blood,Hormones |
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Alechia1
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