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MAT chemistry
Chemistry Topics to Study for the Miller Analogies Test (MAT)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| absolute zero | theoretical temp; coldest possible |
| acid | pH less than 7; reacts with a base |
| activation energy | energy that must be overcome for a chemical reaction to occur |
| aeration | process--air mixed with a liquid |
| anion | negatively charged ion |
| atom | smallest chemical element made of protons, neutrons, and electrons |
| atomic number | number of protons in the atom's nucleus |
| base | pH more than 7; reacts with an acid |
| biochemistry | study of chemical processes in life forms |
| bond | attratrion between atoms that allow chemicals to form |
| catalyst | substance that changes the rate of a reaction |
| cation | positively charged ion |
| chemical reaction | process that changes one chemical substance to another |
| colloid | 1.suspension of small particles: a suspension of small particles dispersed in another substance |
| compound | pure substance with at least 2 chemical elements |
| condensation | change from a gas to a liquid |
| conductor | material that allows electricity to flow |
| deposition | settling of particles in a solution |
| electrolyte | electrically conducive substance |
| entropy | the degradation of the matter and energy in the universe (or a system) to an ultimate state of inert uniformity |
| gas | state of matter in which particles have no definite volume |
| geochemistry | chemistry of the Earth's composition |
| indicator | compound added to a solution that changes color depending on acidity |
| inorganic compound | nonbiological, or lacking carbon and hydrogen |
| insulator | material that resists the flow of electricity |
| ion | atom that has gained or lost an electron |
| kinetics | study of the rates of chemical processes |
| lattice | arrangement of atoms or molecules in a crystal |
| liquid | state of matter that has a fixed volume but not a shape |
| mole | measurement that contains 6.02 x 10 (23d power) units |
| molecule | neutral group of atoms held together by bonds |
| plasma | state of matter similar to gas in which some particles are ionized |
| precipitate | formation of a solid in a solution |
| quark | elementary particle of matter; composes protons and neutrons |
| reagent | substance that is added to a system to get a reaction |
| sol | suspension of solides in a liquid |
| solid | state of matter in which molecules resist movement |
| solute | part of the solution that is put into the solvent |
| solvent | part of the solution that dissolves the solute |
| sublimation | phase transition from solid to gas |
| triple point | temperature and pressure at which 3 states of matter exist simultaneously |
| valence electron | outermost electrons of an atom |
| viscosity | measure of resistance of a fluid, or thickness |
| yield | amount of product made in a chemical reaction |
| Avogadro, Amedeo | Ital--molecular theory |
| Curie, Marie | French-Polish--radioactivity |
| Lavoisier, Antoine | French--father of modern chemistry |
| Lewis, Gilbert | Amer--covalent bond ( chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms) |
| McMillan, Edwin | Amer--transuranium element (chemical elements with atomic numbers greater than 92) |
| Mendeleev, Dimitri | Russian--invented periodic table |
| Mohr, Karl | German--conservation of energy principle (the total energy of an isolated system cannot change—it is said to be conserved over time) |
| Nobel, Alfred | Swede--dynamite |
| Pauling, Linus | Amer--Nobel Prize winner multiple times |
| Woodward, Robert Burns | Amer organic chemist |
| actinide | 15 metallic elements with atomic numbers 89-103 |
| alkali metal | highly reactive elements, shiny, soft, silvery |
| halogen | series of very reactive nonmetals |
| isotope | variant of chemical element; protons are the same but neutrons may vary |
| lanthanide | 15 metallic elements with atomic numbers 57-71 |
| noble gas | 6 odorless, colorless gases with low reactivity |
| rare earth element | 17 elements: lanthanides pluse scandium and yttrium |
Created by:
Pippin14
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