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Chapter 30 Body Syst
Clinical Body Systems and Procedures
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What legal necessity is required from patients before all urine drug screening tests can be performed? | a signed consent |
| What is the quantity of urine required for a urine drug test? | at least 40 mL |
| What must the patient show before performing a urine drug screening test? | photo identification |
| How many kits should you supply for a drug screening? | at least 2 choices |
| How should a drug screening specimen be handled? | according to legal requirements |
| define enuresis | nocturnal bedwetting |
| define malaise | general discomfort |
| what are the symptoms of cystitis? | dysuria, frequency, burning, urgency |
| what radiographic test uses a contrast media to view the urinary tract for blockages, narrowing, growths, and calculi? | IVP=intravenous pyelogram |
| what procedure is used to obtain a sterile urine specimen? | catheterization |
| what diagnostic test is most commonly performed in the POL? | urinalysis |
| what is the most common disorder of the urinary system | UTI=urinary tract infection |
| What is a BUN test? What is it testing for? | Blood Urea Nitrogen Test. Testing for Urea and Creatinine |
| Define proteinuria | protein in the urine |
| Define dysuria | difficult or painful urination |
| define pyuria | pus in the urine |
| define oliguria | scanty urine |
| define hematuria | blood in the urine |
| define nocturia | excessive urination at night |
| what is required to prepare for an IVP? | laxatives, fasting, enemas |
| what is lithotripsy? | crushing of a kidney stone |
| what are the 5 functions of the digestive system? | ingestion, peristalsis, digestion, absorption, defecation |
| what is peristalsis | movement of food through the entire digestive system from mouth to anus |
| smaller nutrients are absorbed into the digestive system through what organ? | small intestines |
| the distal s-curve of the large intestine is called what? and what procedure views it? | sigmoid colon, and sigmoidoscopy |
| define hematemesis | vomiting blood |
| define melena | blood in feces |
| define hematochezia | bright red blood in feces |
| what are the symptoms of gastritis | epigastric pain (stomach discomfort), Nausea, vomiting |
| gastric ulcers found in the stomach are also called? | peptic ulcers |
| what bacteria's overgrowth causes a gastric ulcer? | helicobacter pylori or H.pylori |
| gastric ulcers caused by h.pylori can be treated with what? | antibiotics |
| what is guaiac? | wood resin formerly used as a reagent in lab tests for presence of occult blood |
| what diagnostic procedure is used to detect gallstones? | cholecystogram |
| define esophagogastroduodenoscopy | viewing of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum with a scope |
| What abbreviation do we sometimes use for an esophagogastroduodenoscopy | EGD |
| when performing a hemoccult test all specimens should be considered biohazardous material and ____________ precautions MUST be observed | standard |
| what diagnostic exam/test does not require the patient to use a laxative as part of their preparation for the test? | stool or fecal occult blood |
| What tests require changes in the patient's diet before the test is performed? | fecal occult blood, sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, IVP |
| hepatitis A | inflammation of liver from contaminated food/H2O |
| gastroenteritis | inflammation of the stomach and intestinal tract. Pt. can c/o N/V and diarrhea. |
| anorexia nervosa | A psychological eating disorder where the pt. does not eat |
| Crohn's Disease | chronic disease that causes inflammation of the ileum resulting in diarrhea, RLQ pain, and blood in the stool |
| cholecystitis | inflammation of the gallbladder |
| bulimia | a psychological eating disorder where the pt. may binge/purge and abuse laxatives in order to not gain weight |
| gastroesophageal reflux disease | a small valve in the lower esophagus leaks causing stomach acid to back up from the stomach to the esophagus causing frequent heartburn and pain behind the sternum |
| gastritis | inflammation of the stomach lining causing epigastric pain nausea and or vomiting |
| diverticulitis | inflammation caused by impacted feces or bacteria in the sacs. Symptoms include pain, cramp like, usually in the LLQ or LUQ |
| cholelithiasis | a condition of having stones in the gallbladder |
| what are the functions of your sensory system? | sight, smell, touch, hearing, taste, equilibrium |
| what type of cells are located in all of the sense organs that make these functions possible? | receptor cells |
| what is the gelatinous mass located behind the lens of the eye? | vitreous humor |
| what is the name of the screening test for color blindness? | ishihara color graph |
| what is the name of the screening test for distance visual acuity? | snellen exam |
| where should the patient stare when performing the eye instillation of eye drops? | at a fixed spot on the ceiling |
| what are the 3 bones of the middle ear? | malleus, incus, stapes |
| what are the common names for the bones of the middle ear? | hammer, anvil, stirrup |
| what part of the ear is responsible for maintaining equilibrium? | inner ear/vestibule |
| what is the organ of hearing? | cochlea |
| the auditory nerve takes the impulses to what part of the brain to be processed? | temporal lobe |
| how far away should each plate be held when performing a color vision test? | 14 - 16 inchest |
| during ear irrigation, what direction should the auricle be pulled to help straighten the ear canal? | upward and back |
| irregular lens curvature or cornea shape causing light rays to focus on multiple areas of the retina | astigmatism |
| inflamed sebaceous gland of the eyelid | sty (hordeolum) |
| farsightedness. light rays are focused behind the retina. | hyperopia |
| nearsightedness. light rays are focused in front of the retina. | myopia |
| lens loses its transparent nature and becomes opaque. | cataract |
| highly contagious if caused by bacteria | conjunctivitis |
| swimmers ear. inflammation of the external auditory canal. | external otitis |
| acute infection of the middle ear usually caused by bacteria | otitis media |
| conduction deafness caused by hardening of the stapes | otosclerosis |
| characterized by deafness, vertigo, nausea, and tinnitus | meniere's disease |
| what is the treatment for epistaxis? | electrocautery and/or nasal packing |
| what position should the patient be in during a nasal instillation? | head tilted back, head lower than shoulders. |
| inflammation of the lining of the lung is known as ________. | pleurisy |
| the measurements of air flow, volume, and capacity are known as what type of test? | PFT= pulmonary function test or spirometry |
| what is the congenital disorder caused by nonunion of the maxillary bones? | cleft palate |
| indications of decreased mobility and postural changes associated with aging or injury may alter your _________ (manner of walking) | gait |
| what are the three functions of the skeletal system? | support and protection for organs, allows for attachment of ligaments, tendons, muscles, stores nutrients |
| what are the two functions of the muscular system? | gives body form and shape, responsible for coordination of movement. |
| what is the difference between a strain and a sprain? | strain is a muscle injury, sprain is an injury to a joint, ligament or tendon |
| name fracture type: bone splintered into fragments | comminuted |
| name fracture type: bone splintered and forced together | impacted |
| bone bent on one side and broken on the other | greenstick |
| bone is fractured and punctures the skin | compound/open |
| what are the 4 things a patient should report to a provider after receiving a cast? | 1) bad odor 2) numbness, tingling, severe pain/swelling, difficulty moving 3) burning sensation over bony area 4) bleeding or pink to red discoloration on cast |
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