Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Ch 21
The Immune System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| This type of immunity defends against any type of invader | nonspecific, innate, or general |
| Which of the following is not considered an organ involved in the immune system? | pancreas |
| The lack of resistance is also known as | susceptibility |
| Which of the below produces hormones that promote maturation of T cells? | thymus |
| Which of these does NOT involve a physical or chemical barrier or mechanism in innate immunity? | macrophages |
| These anti-viral substances will diffuse to uninfected cells and reduce production of viral proteins needed for viral replication | interferons |
| Immunocompetent and active cytotoxic T-cells can recognize | cells infected with viruses, transplanted cells from another person, some types of cancers (selections a, b, c) |
| These small hormone-like chemicals released by cells that can stimulate, alter, or inhibit the functions of other cells in coordinating the immune response | cytokines |
| All of these are non-specific defense mechanisms except | neutralization of an antigen by an antibody |
| Cytokines such as interleukin-1 and interleukin-2 | are necessary to initiate T-cell proliferation |
| This type of lymphocyte destroys cancerous cells in a non-specific fashion | natural killer cells |
| Which of the following represents a specific body defense mechanism | immunity |
| Interferon is produced by cells in response to the presence of | viruses |
| The two major types of active phagocytic cells are | macrophages and neutrophils |
| After recovering from certain diseases, one may have developed this type of immunity to the diseases | naturally acquired active |
| Normal immune responses to rid the body of a specific pathogen require the activities of | both T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes |
| Immunoglobulins are | antibodies |
| Which of the following cell type is derived from monocytes | wandering macrophages |
| Natural killer cells are a subtype of | lymphocytes |
| Emigration refers to the | movement of cells from the circulatory system into inflected tissue areas |
| B-lymphocytes | are responsible for antibody-mediated immunity |
| Lack of reactivity of T cells and B cells to fragments of one's own proteins is known as | self-tolerance |
| The proper sequence of phases in the process of phagocytes is | chemotaxis, adherence, ingestion |
| After phagocytosis, which intracellular chemicals kill the microbe by a process called an oxidative burst | lethal oxidants |
| The first stage of inflammation is | vasodilation and increased permeability of blood vessels |
| The Class I major histocompatibility complex antigens | mark the surfaces of all your body cells except your red blood cells |
| Antigens presenting cells include | dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells |
| When stimulated, T cells that display the CD4 molecule on its membrane surface develop into | helper T cells |
| Cancer cells and virus-infected body cellos can be killed before activation of adaptive immunity by these | natural killer cells |
| Which of the following would be classified as a delayed hypersensitivity reaction | allergic contact dermatitis |
| This group of about 20 anti-microbial substances promotes cytolysis, phagocytosis and inflammation | complement proteins |
| In innate immunity, these are mainly used to kill infectious microbes and tumor cells | natural killer cells |
| Which of the following is NOT a sign of inflammation | mucus production |
| Which of the following intensifies the effect of interferons and promotes the rate of repair | fever |
| When B and T cells are fully developed and mature, they referred to as being | immunocompetent |
| This induces production of a specific antibody | antigen |
| This can only stimulate an immune response if attached to a large carrie molecule | hapten |
| This class of cells involved in specific immunity includes macrophages, B cells and dendritic cells | antigen presenting cells or APC |
| This can only become "activated" when bound to a foreign antigen and simultaneously receiving a co-stimuate from a helper T-cell | T cell |
| This action involves coating microbes with antibodies that make them more susceptible to phagocytosis | opsonization |
| An acute allergic response can lead to | anaphylactic shock |
| The condition or state where *blank* cells have antigen bound, but have not been co-stimuated is called anergy | T |
| Most antigens have several *blank.* These chemical groupings induce the production of different antibodies or activate different T-cells | epitopes |
| The protein fraction in plasma that contains the antibodies of an individual is the *blank* fraction. | immunoglobulin |
| The initial steps in phagocytosis in order are: | chemotaxis, adherence, and ingestion |
| List the five actions of antibodies | 1.neutralizing 2. immobilization of bacteria 3. agglutination/precipitation 4. activation of complement 5. enhancement of phagocytes |
| A natural exposure to an infectious agent that leads immunity by the person making antibodies is called (active/passive) immunity | active |
| (Lysozyme/Granzyme) is an enzyme that breaks down the cell wall of certain bacteria. It is found in several body secretions, including tears. | Lysozyme |
| Cells that lack an antigen receptor but target a wide variety of infectious microbes and certain cancers using perforin and granzymes | Natural Killer Cells |
| Display CD8 markers and may have MHC-1 molecules attached to a foreign antigen | cytotoxic T cells |
| Those WBCs able to ingest any particular matter including invading microbes | phagocytes |
| secrete interleukin II to co-stimulte the activation of T-cells | active helper T cells |
| processes and presents exogenous antigens; includes macrophages, B cells, and dendritic cells | antigen presenting cells |
| differentiates into plasma cells that secrete specific antibodies | B cells |
| Are programmed to recognize the reappearance of previously encountered antigen | Memory T cells & Memory B cells |
| Displays the CD4 marker on its surface (that makes this T cell susceptible to the entry of HIV) | active helper T cells |
| Are used to produce hybridomas that secrete specific antibodies | B cells |
| Specifically kills cells that are infected with a specific virus | cytotoxic T cells |
| This subpopulation of T cells dampens the activity of both T cells and B cells and may function in preventing autoimmune disease | regulatory T cells |
| Produced by basophils and mast cells, this group causes increased permeability, function in the adherence of phagocytes to pathogens, and can act as chemotactic agents | Leukotrienes |
| These fatty acid-derived compounds are released by damaged cells and intensify the effects of histamine and kinins. They may also stimulate the emigration of phagocytes through the capillary wall. | Prostaglandins |
| These polypeptides, transformed in the blood, induce vasodilation and increased permeability. An example is bradykinin. | Kinin |
| Released by mast cells, basophils, and platelets. Cause dilation and increased permeability of capillaries. | Histamine |
| Through cleavage, initiates a cascade of events that stimulates histamine release, attract neutrophils by chemotaxis, and promote phagocytes. Some components destroy bacteria | Complement proteins |
| Exogenous antigens are antigens formed within a body cell | False |
| Millions of different antibodies can be made because of genetic recombination in the variable regions in the antibody genes that produce antibodies. Individual genes are not present for each type of antibody | True |
| Psychoneuroimmunology deals with the communication pathways that link the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems | True |
| Apoptosis is a sequence of steps leading to a programmed death of a cell | True |
| The activation of the complement can occur on several different ways | True |
| The identification, activation, and proliferation of specific B and T cells involve a process called "clonal selection" | True |
| The directional movement of cells in response to chemical release is called chemotaxis | True |
| The soluble proteins secreted by plasma cells are called albumins | False |
| Many immunocompetent cells may never be called into service during our lifetime | True |
| Anaphylactic shock can result from an immediate hypersensitivity when an allergen enters the blood | True |
| The passage of antibodies from a pregnant mother to her fetus is an example of "active immunity" | False |
| Helper T cells participate in both cell-medicated and antibody-mediated immunity | True |
Created by:
lawalk
Popular Anatomy sets