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Chapter 19
Middle Ages
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| fjord | a narrow inlet of the sea between cliffs or steep slopes |
| missionaries | people who are sent by a religions organization to spread the faith |
| concordat | agreement between the pope and the ruler of a country |
| feudalism | political order, under feudalism, nobles governed and protected people in return for services |
| vassal | a low-ranking noble under the protection of a feudal lord |
| fief | a feudal estate belonging to a vassal |
| knight | a mounted man-at-arms serving a lord |
| chivalry | the system, spirit, or customs of medieval knighthood |
| serf | a member of the peasant class tied to the land and subject to the will of the landowner |
| guild | a group of merchants or craftspeople |
| grand jury | a group of citizens that meets to decide whether people should be accused of a crime |
| trial jury | a group of citizens that decides whether an accused person is innocent or guilty |
| theology | the study of religious faith, practice, and experience |
| scholasticism | a way of thinking |
| vernacular | the everyday spoken language of a region |
| mass | religous worhsip service for Catholic Christians |
| heresy | ideas that go against church teachings |
| anti-Semitism | hostility toward or discrimination against Jews |
| plague | a disease that spreads quickly and kills many people |
| Reconquista | the Christian "reconquest" of the Iberian peninsula |